- Oscar & Alice Baldwin Welch (33 KB)
Oscar and Alice Baldwin and their son Platt and his wife Rachel. Picture taken in Brothertown, Calumet Co., WI.
- Arthur Potter and his wife Sadie Quinney (25 KB)
Sadie was the daughter of Absolum Quinney, a Stockbridge Indian. She was born in Stockbridge and died when her newborn daughter was only 4 weeks old.
- Baptist Pilgrimage at Brothertown, WI (239 KB)
These are 17 of 38 Brothertown Indians still living in the village in 1935.
- Lyman Fowler (15 KB)
The Brothertown were great musicians and enjoyed singing. Dances at the Four corners were always well attended.
- Lyman Palmer Fowler (47 KB)
Lyman Fowler photo taken in Washington DC on one of his many trips there "seeing about Brothertown Indians business". DIED. September 14, 1892. At his home this morning, Mr. Lyman P. Fowler, of consumption, aged
69 years. Mr. Fowler was one of the early settlers of this town and has held
positions of trust, both in town and county affairs and was a man loved and
respected by all who knew him. In his death he leaves a widow and seven grown
up children to mourn him
- George Bertram Shelley (154 KB)
George was born and lived his entire life in Unity, Colby Co., WI. He was a farmer.
- Loren Murray Johnson (296 KB)
Loren Murray Johnson served in the Civil War in Co A 2nd Wis Calvary, enlisting on the 16th of October 1861 at Fond du Lac, WI. He was honorably discharged on April 3rd, 1866. Loren Murray was the chaplain and a charter member of the GAR Post 112 when it was organized in 1883. He was born June 8th, 1840 in Brothertown, Calumet Co., WIand died March 19, 1886 in Colby, WI.
- Brothertown Court Book, kept by Peacemakers in NY (3527 KB)
The New York Legislature’s Act of March 4, 1796 set off a tract of land given to the Brothertown Indians by the Oneidas into 149 lots and arrangements for town government. The governor and council was to appoint five Indians as “Keepers of the Peace,” or “Peacemakers,” who should hold office as long as the governor saw fit. They were to hold court on the first Monday of the month at Brothertown and hear and determine all disputes concerning debts and trespass where damage did not exceed 5 pounds and also all violations of town laws. This is from the old court record book dating from 1797 to April 4, 1843
At the same Court of the Peacemakers held in Brothertown of the first Monday in September 1797 Present
David Fowler John Tuhie John Skeesuck Isaac Wauby Samuel Scipio
The last entry in the old record book reads, ”In 1843 there was no courts held in the Brothertown tribe or nation of Indians in consequence of there being no process returned.” Dated Brothertown April 4th 1843
Jas. Wiggins Clerke Thus after 46 years of service the Brothertown Court closed its books
- Baptist Pilgrimage at Brothertown, WI (14 KB)
The Baptist gathered at Phillips Woods in Brothertown, WI on August 19, 1934, celebrating the first Baptist Church in Wisconsin - 100 years ago. The Brothertown Indians present included John Hammer, 83; Louise Fowler, 79; Hiram Johnson, 80; Lura Kindness, 74; and Frances Hammer, 82.
- Wampum belt belonging to the Brothertown Indians (8 KB)
The cultural item is a wampum belt, which is composed of purple
beads with white beads forming the design of four pairs of diamonds. It is interwoven with buckskin and has fringe at the ends. The wampum belt measures 3 feet 8\1/8\ inches long without the fringe.
The Field Museum of Natural History purchased the wampum belt in
1900 from Henry Hysen of Wisconsin. The Field Museum of Natural History accessioned the wampum belt into its collection the same year (catalog number 68567). Museum records indicate that Mr. Hysen purchased the wampum belt ``from the owner who lived on the Stock Ridge Reservation, one of the Brotherton Indians whose family had held the belt since it was sent to them by Chief Black Hawk as a message to the tribes of the Michigan and Wisconsin Indians assembled at Travers bay to hold them in control during his warfare.''
- Students at Carlisle (12 KB)
Brothertown Indians attending Carlisle Institute in Pennsylvania in 1900 included Herman Niles, born in 1879 in Brothertown, WI and Samuel Brushel, born in 1878 in Brothertown.
- Hezekiah Fowler (21 KB)
Hezekiah Fowler was born in the Brothertown settlement in New York on 15 Mar 1813. He was married twice, first to Fanny Francis Skeesuck and second to Pauline Pangburn.
- Map of Indiana Territory (49 KB)
This is what the Brothertown and Stockbridge Indians encountered, an untouched forested wilderness sprinkled with Delaware villages along the only trail and major waterway. From the 1932 map entitled Indiana The influence of the Indian upon its History-with Indian and French names for Natural and Cultural Locations, #122, published by the Indiana Department of Conservation, the White River area of Madison County is shown as a well-developed part of the larger Delaware society in east-central Indiana. The Delaware or Lenni-Lenape, meaning “real men” had as many as fourteen villages along this west fork of the White River. Munceetown was a nickname given in the late 1700's to one of several small Indian villages, located along the East Fork of the White River, in eastern Indiana, and precisely located near the present-day Walnut Street Bridge in Muncie, that were dominated by Delaware (Lenni Lenepe) Indians.
- Polly Johnson married to Samuel Hammer (25 KB)
Brothertown Indians, Polly born about 1815 in Brothertown, NY, married Samuel, born 1810, in Brothertown, NY. Samuel died between 1839 and 1850 at Brothertown, Calumet Co., WI
- Map of the Territory in 1836 (205 KB)
The Brothertown Indians at a town meeting held on April 6, 1824 voted “that a purchase shall be made of land at Green Bay.” The Indians appointed to act for them were their Indian agent Thomas Dean, William Dick, Rhodolphus Fowler, Paul Dick, Benjamin G. Fowler, Thomas Dick, Randall Abner, John Johnson, Daniel Dick, George Scippio, George Samson, and Samuel Scippio. Some of these went to Green Bay with Thomas Dean where they bought a tract of land from the Menomonee tribe. It was on the east bank of the Fox River at Little Kaukaulin, or Little Rapids, for which they paid $950 from their annuity. It was bounded on the north by DePere, on the east by Lake Michigan, on the south by Wrightstown and on the west by the Fox River. This was a tract of land 8 miles wide and 30 miles long containing 153,600 acres.
None moved to their newly acquired land immediately, but by 1827 they began to make plans to migrate to Green Bay.
- Selona Hammer, daughter of Polly and Samuel (25 KB)
Selona born 1838 in Brothertown, Calumet Co., WI, married George Washington Smith, on May 19, 1856 in Manchester (later called Brothertown). George was born Nov. 25, 1833 in Cato, Cayuga Co., NY. Selona died on May 3, 1868 in Gravesville, Calumet Co., WI
- Brothertown lands in Oneida County, NY (522 KB)
Oneida County, New York, showing original patents, grants, & c. from Surveyor General's Map 1821
- Signatures of the Chiefs and principal men (202 KB)
The signatures of the Chiefs, and principal men of the Brothertown tribe of Indians residing in Brothertown, county of Oneida and State of New York on January 17th, 1827 as thee began the process of removing to the Territory of Michigan.
- A Young Lyman Fowler (29 KB)
Lyman Palmer Fowler was born 20 Jul 1823 in the Brothertown settlement in NY. He married Aurilla Dick in April of 1845. He served in the Civil War in both the 22nd Inf Reg and the 3rd.
- Edgar Maurice Dick (14 KB)
E.M. Dick was a Headman of the Brothertown Indians, born 28 Oct 1843 in Brothertown, WI, he married Abba Loretta Fowler. He joined Co A of the 21st Wis Inf on Aug 13, 1862 and spent the winter on Lookout MT., TN. He accompanied Sherman on his march to the sea and fought in 27 battles in the Civil War.
- Methodist Church, Brothertown, Calumet Co., WI (11 KB)
The church was razed in March 1967. The original church was built on Hwy 151 in 1842. The building that was torn down was extensively remodeled in 1906. Originally made of logs, they were covered with clapboard siding. Three acres of land was purchased from Thomas Commuck for $35. In the beginning it had plain glass windows and two single doors facing the highway. Later members donated stained glass windows. Worshippers tied their horses to surrounding locust trees. Built by the Brothertown Indians, whites from the neighborhood also attended services there.
- Lathrop Fowler and E.M. Dick (27 KB)
The deaths of two of West Brothertown's pioneer settlers and prominent citizens, both veterans of the Civil War, Lathrop Fowler and Edgar M. Dick, occurred on the same day, Tuesday, May 14th, 1918 in the same dwelling and only nine hours apart.
- Letitia Schooner in Front of Her Brothertown Home (18 KB)
Written by Letitia Schooner – William Johnson and wife Charlotte Johnson, great grandparents were born in New York State and came in the early 1832 to Brothertown. Their children were William and Orrin, Esther, who married John C. Hammer and Nancy, who was the wife of Jonathan Schooner. Nancy and Johnathan Schooner, my grandparents, were born in New York State, and came by boat to Green Bay in 1840. They came by oxteam with a few household possessions to Manchester, now Brothertown. They first build a shanty near Nancy’s parents, several years later they built this log home. They cleared land that was a wilderness when they came. Jonathan Schooner was surveyor inthis town and for the county. Their children were Elisha; Elizabeth, Charlotte, my mother; Luther, a baker by trade and alwilda who died when she was 20 years old of lung trouble.
- Thomas Keeville, husband of Charlotte Schooner (266 KB)
Born in London, England to William and Mary Keeville, who remained in London, Thomas married Charlotte Schooner, the daughter of Nancy Johnson. He served in the Civil War. Enlisted as a Private on 18 February 1864
in Company I, 35th Infantry Regiment Wisconsin.
Received a disability discharge Company I, 35th Infantry Regiment Wisconsin on 13 July 1864. Drowned in Lake Winnebago, Calumet Co., WI on April 8, 1887.
- Solomon Niles, Billy Johnson, Luke Schooner (21 KB)
All three Brothertown Indians were veterans of the Civil War.
- Charlotte Fowler Potter's Home in Brothertown (13 KB)
An early log house built by the Brothertown Indians, it stood on the south bank of the creek next to the cheese factory. It still stood in 1935.
- Laton Dick Johnson and Fredericka Pemberton (25 KB)
Laton was born in Brothertown, WI on Feb. 8, 1856. At the age of 21, he homesteaded a tract of land in Reynolds Township, Todd Co., MN. When the Great Northern Railroad extended it's line to Long Prairie, MN, he was one of the pioneers who assisted in the construction work.
- Hannah Fowler Dick (25 KB)
Hannah, daughter of Jacob Fowler, wife of Isaac Dick, lived with her son-in-law, Oscar Johnson when she died in Brothertown WI in 1893.
- Wealthy Johnson, wife of Albert Madison (32 KB)
Wealthy Johnson, born 27 Feb 1856 in Brothertown, Calumet Co., WI, was the daughter of Orrin Johnson and Mary crowell, granddaughter of William Johnson and Charlotte Skeesuck. She died in Long Prairie, Todd Co., MN on 07 Feb 1896.
- James Fowler (121 KB)
James Fowler drove the "taxi" from Brothertown to Fond du Lac
- Red springs Mission Church (14 KB)
At Red Springs, Shawano Co., WI
- Mary Victory Johnson (15 KB)
Mary V. Johnson was the daughter of Emanuel and married Lorenzo David Fowler, son of Jacob in Utica, NY
- Red Springs Indian Boarding School (14 KB)
The school started boarding Indian children to give them a Christian education around 1908. The first employees were Gus Abrams and his wife, Abigail Welch Abrams and her sister "Sis" Welch, all of Quinney. Allison and Elizabeth Cuish Sears were employed there for awhile also.
- Alexander Fowler, b. 28 Jan 1815 ; d. 02Dec 1879. (103 KB)
Alexander Fowler, son of Jacob Fowler, a Montauk Indian through his father and a Narragansett Indian through his mother. His grandparents were David Fowler and Hannah Garret.
- Laton Kindness, b. 14 Aug 1833 in NY d.02 Sep 1910 (1 KB)
Thomas Layton Kindness, called Laton or Layton, was the son of James and Hannah Kindness of the Brothertown tribe. He was late in migrating to Wisconsin and when he arrived, he found that he preferred New York and returned. In NY he lived near Lewis Kindness in Chautauqa Co. under the name Dr. Kanistanaux for 25 years. He then went to Colorado, where he died.
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- August 1782 list of Mohegan Indians (13 KB)
In August 1782, a list of all the Indians belonging to the tribe of Mohegans was made out, and sent to the Assembly for the purpose of making a division of the tribal lands. The following was copied from the original paper on file in the office of the State Library at Hartford (this book was printed about 1898).
- Surnames of the Brothertown Indians in NY (4 KB)
Surnames and tribal affiliation of the New England Indians who emmigrated to Oneida lands in New York and formed the Brothertown Settlement.
- The ledge or the Niagara Escarpment (14 KB)
The ledge that runs along the east side of Lake Winnabago had hundreds of burial mounds in various shapes. The ancient ones choose this spot because of its height overlooking the lake and its accessibility from the Manitowoc area, where Indians congregated in large numbers near the water, and from the Fond du Lac area and Green Bay.
A limestone ledge runs along the edge of the bluff. The ledge extends northeasterly and parallel to the eastern shore of Lake Winnebago. This ledge is called the Niagara Escarpment and extends to the Door county peninsula and on to Niagara Falls, New York.
The skeletons of the deceased were bundled and brought to the burial mounds each year by the various tribes in the area. The bundles were covered with a layer of dirt. The dirt used to cover them were thought to have been brought in by baskets from somewhere else. Over the years the layering of dirt shaped the mounds. The ancient woodland Indians probably met on the bluff for a great council when the burials took place.
- Brothertown Indians in the Civil War (114 KB)
Brothertown Indians who fought in the War of the Rebellion 1861 - 1865 and their regiments.
- The Brothertown Indians travel to Wisconsin (9 KB)
The Brothertown Indians at a town meeting held on April 6, 1824 voted “that a purchase shall be made of land at Green Bay.”Some Brothertown men went to Green Bay with Thomas Dean where they bought a tract of land from the Menomonee tribe. It was on the east bank of the Fox River at Little Kaukaulin, or Little Rapids, for which they paid $950 from their annuity.
- Brothertown Indians Historic Bus Trip (13 KB)
A group of Brothertown Indians from Wisconsin took a bus trip to their ancestral home.
- John Brushel and his son Samuel, Mohegan Indians (13 KB)
An account of John Brushell and his son Samuel Brushell ("The Panther") who did indeed, according to local tradition, have a turtle tattoo. I presume that this is the John Brushell included in the W. DeLoss Love book, Samson Occom and the Christian Indians of New England, in his list of families at Brothertown.
- Treaty with the Menominee - 1832 (51 KB)
Oct. 27, 1832. | 7 Stat., 405. | Proclamation, Mar. 1 WHEREAS articles of agreement between the United States of America, and the Menominee Indians, were made and concluded at the city of Washington,…
And whereas the Senate of the United States, by their resolution of the twenty-fifth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and proviso is as follows: “Provided that for the purpose of establishing the rights of the New York Indians, on a permanent and just footing, the said treaty shall be ratified, thirty-two, did advise and consent to accept, ratify and confirm the same, and every clause and article thereof upon the conditions expressed in the proviso, contained in their said resolution:…
…And that there shall be one township of land adjoining the foregoing, equal to twenty-three thousand and forty acres laid off and granted for the use of the Brothertown Indians, who are to be paid by the Government the sum of one thousand six hundred dollars for the improvements on lands now in their possession, on the east side of Fox river, and which lands are to be relinquished by said Indians:
- Stockbridge Indians who attend ed Carlisle (48 KB)
The Carlisle Indian Industrial School (CIIS) operated in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. from 1879 to 1918. During that time, somewhere between 8000 to 12000 students attended this first non-reservation, co-educational, government funded boarding school exclusively for Native Americans.
- Stambaugh Treaty - 1831 (69 KB)
The removal of the New York Indians - Oneida, Stockbridge/Munsee, and Brothertown - to Wisconsin.
- The New York Indians vs. the United States, (39 KB)
In the January 9th, 1892 issue of the Chilton Times Journal, it was reported: “In the United States Court of Claims, Congressional case No. 151, the New York Indians vs. the United States, was argued before a full bench on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday of the last week of November, by James B. Jenkins, Esq., for the plaintiffs. The argument occupied almost three days on the part of counsel for the Indians.” Congress passed legislation that was to have a profound effect on the Brothertown Indian Nation. In 1893, Congress passed legislation which gave the Emigrant New York Indians, including the Brothertown, permission to bring an action to the United States Court of Claims to recover damages for lands set apart for them in Kansas. The New York Indians were awarded $1,998,744.46 to be distributed among the members of the Oneida, Tuscarora, Seneca, Cayuga, St. Regis Mohawk, Onondaga, Stockbridge-Munsee and Brothertown tribes. The fund was appropriated by an Act of Congress, approved February 9, 1900, to pay the judgment of the Court of Claims in favor of the New York Indians rendered November 23, 1898, under the terms of Article 2 of the Treaty of Buffalo Creek, N.Y., January 15, 1838. In the Matter of the Appeal of the New York Indians, The Seneca Nation v. The United States. The Onondaga Tribe v. The Same. The Cayuga Tribe v. The Same. The Tuscarora Tribe v. The Same, 41 Ct. Cl. 462 (1906) (“The suit is brought under an act authorizing the court to hear and render judgment against the United States in favor of ‘the New York Indians, being those Indians who were parties to the treaty of Buffalo Creek January 15, 1838.”)
- New York Indians v. U.S. U.S. 170 1898 (163 KB)
April 11, 1898
This was a petition by the Indians who were parties to the treaty of Buffalo Creek, N. Y., on January 15, 1838 (7 Stat. 550), to enforce an alleged liability of the United States forthe value of certain lands in Kansas, set apart for these Indians, and subsequently sold by the United States, as well as for certain amounts of money agreed to be paid upon their removal.
- Students at Eleazar Wheelock's Moor Charity School (29 KB)
"Thus Doctor Wheelock was led to devise a plan for propagating the gospel among the Indians which he thought with good reason was most feasible. In its prominent feature it was different from all other schemes which had been attempted in New England. His ideal, like that of John Eliot, was the native missionary."
- The Spirituality of the Brothertown Indians (7 KB)
The New England Indians who became the amalgamated tribe called the Brothertown Indians were heathens, using the pipe and tobbaco in their ceremonies to their Gods.
- Brothertown Indians Find Their Roots (15 KB)
Descendents of the Brothertown Indians who had settled in Marshall and Kirkland gathered this summer from Wisconsin, Washington, Texas and other states to pay homage to their earliest brethren.
- Brothertown Indians migrate to Long Prairie, MN (21 KB)
Members of the Brothertown Nation have been meeting in April in Minnesota for many years. The story of the courageous Brothertown ancestors who created a closely knit community in the densely forested wilderness of Minnesota is one of perseverance and survival..
- Buffalo Creek Treaty (432 KB)
Articles of a treaty made and concluded at Buffalo Creek in the State of New York, the fifteenth day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight, by Ransom H. Gillet, a commissioner on the part of the United States, and the chiefs, head men and warriors of the several tribes of New York Indians assembled in council
- Letter dated Jan 17th 1827 from Brothertown Indian (29 KB)
The chiefs and principal men of the Brothertown Tribe of Indians in New York wrote to the Secretary of War, requesting a delegation of their headmen go to a "great Council" the US Government would be having with the Menominee and Winnebago and Chippewa Indians the following summer as they had already purchased land from those tribes and planned on removing there soon. "...it is presumed that it would contribute greatly to the harmony and good understanding between those tribes to have a suitable proportion of the land set off to each tribe for their own separate use and occupation, and if such divisions should take place next summer, it is presumed that the presence of the commissioners on that part of the United States would greatly facilitate the proper division of the land among the several tribes..." "...and the Brothertown people are very solicitory that everything should be done to preserve the good understanding and harmony between those of our Brethren who may remove there which will greatly promote their prosperity and happiness.
- The Steamship, the Manchester in Lake Winnebago (6 KB)
A small steamboat called the Manchester, was the pioneer steam craft plying the waters of Lake Winnebago in 1843, was built by the Brothertown Indians under the direction of Capt. Hoteling.
- The Failed White River, Indiana Emigration (92 KB)
“The ultimate emigration of the Brothertown Indians to another location in the far West was foreseen by Samson Occom before his death. He looked about him on the beautiful hills and valleys of the Oneidas, and with prophetic gaze saw them thickly peopled by the whites. Doubtless he had many conversations on the subject with his friends, and prominent among them was Hendrick Aupaumut, the chief of the Stockbridge tribe. He it was who became the forerunner of the New York Indians in their subsequent removal westward.”
- Wampum belt belonging to the Brothertown Indians (9 KB)
The cultural item is a wampum belt, which is composed of purple
beads with white beads forming the design of four pairs of diamonds. It is interwoven with buckskin and has fringe at the ends. The wampum belt measures 3 feet 8\1/8\ inches long without the fringe.
The Field Museum of Natural History purchased the wampum belt in
1900 from Henry Hysen of Wisconsin. The Field Museum of Natural History accessioned the wampum belt into its collection the same year (catalog number 68567). Museum records indicate that Mr. Hysen purchased the wampum belt ``from the owner who lived on the Stock Ridge Reservation, one of the Brotherton Indians whose family had held the belt since it was sent to them by Chief Black Hawk as a message to the tribes of the Michigan and Wisconsin Indians assembled at Travers bay to hold them in control during his warfare.''
- The Brothertown “Keepers of the Peace “or “Peacema (117 KB)
Following is a copy of the first court meeting bearing a date. Several were held before but have no date. This is from the old court record book dating from 1797 to April 4, 1843. This is not a copy of the entire record book.
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