Samuel Carpenter and his Descendants COMPILED BY EDWARD CARPENTER OF PHILADELPHIA AND HIS SON GENERAL LOUIS HENRY CARPENTER U. S. A. Printed for Private Circulation BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY PHILADELPHIA COPYRIGHT, 1912 BY LOUIS HENRY CARPENTER .1 (NOTE: THIS BRIEF (****) SECTION IS FROM THE BACK OF THE BOOK. IT GIVES DEFINITION TO WHICH LINES ARE INCLUDED. jrc) **** A GENEALOGICAL RECORD OF Samuel Carpenter anb his Descendants INCLUDING LINES OF THE FISHBOURNE, WHARTON, MEREDITH, CLYMER, EMLEN, SCOTT, DICKINSON, HARE, HUTCHINSON, FISHER, McKEAN, WADSWORTH, READ, MORRIS, ROOSEVELT, GRISCOM, WALN, TIERS, SINKLER, HARRISON, AND OTHER FAMILIES. By EDWARD CARPENTER AND LOUIS HENRY CARPENTER, BRIG. GENERAL, U.S.A. 1911 Samuel Carpenter came to Philadelphia in 1683, was the first Treasurer of the Province of Pennsylvania, a member of the Governor's Provincial Council, a deputy of the Proprietor, and an intimate friend of - William Penn. His son married the granddaughter of Thomas Lloyd. The descent from him is carried down in the direct line, and in the female line, through the Fishbourne, Wharton, and Meredith families of Philadelphia. This comprises members of the Clymer, Emlen, Scott, Dickinson, Hare, Hutchin- son, Fisher, McKean, Wadsworth, Read, Morris, Roosevelt, Griscom, Waln, Tiers, Sinkler, Harrison, and other families. From a manuscript prepared by Edward Carpenter and an additional compilation by his son, Louis Henry Carpenter, Brig. General, United States Army (Retired). The work will be of quarto size, and will be prepared by J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, in excellent style, containing many illustrations and comprising about 350 pages. As only the necessary number of copies will be printed, those desiring the work should immediately forward subscriptions upon the accompanying order-blank. LOUIS HENRY CARPENTER, Brig. General, U.S.A., Retired.) ***** I PREFACE ABOUT the year 1825 the late John Redman Carpenter, cashier of the branch of the Bank of he United States at Buffalo, N. Y., with a des re to perpetuate the memory of his ancestors, took upon himself the task of collecting together the records of the Carpenter family, and compiled a biographical notice of Samuel Carpenter (First), together with a genealogical table of his descendants. This manuscript, though of great value, was incomplete and has never been published. It fell into my hands man years ago, when I availed myself of the opportunity to secure a copy from it, which I have since preserved, adding from time to time such additional matter as seemed appropriate. Since the original was written near two generations have passed away, and the hand that wrote it has long since mouldered into dust. After the lapse of more than half a century, in compliance with the request of my children to complete as far as possible the record of the births, marriages, and deaths, and incorporate some notice of those members of our branch of the family with whom I have had familiar intercourse, I have undertaken the preparation of the following pages. Inasmuch as my purpose is to compile a genealogical record of the family, I make no claim' to originality, but shall make use of all sources of information to which I shall have access. EDWARD CARPENTER SUPPLEMENTARY - Preface THE manuscript left by Mr. Edward Carpenter in 1889 pertained principally to the descent in the direct line from Samuel Carpenter, and it has been necessary to make many additions to bring this to date as near as possible. It was also considered advisable to add the descent in the female line through the Fishbourne, Wharton, and Meredith families. In making this compilation, much biographical and genealogical information has been obtained from various works and other sources for which it is necessary to acknowledge indebtedness. The direct descent in the Carpenter line, the Fishbourne branch, the Wharton branch, and the Meredith branch are placed separately in the order given. Acknowledgment is made of information taken by permission from the works here named, and to individuals mentioned, as well as to many others who have furnished data concerning their families: Keith's Councillors, and also manuscript loaned by Charles P. Keith. The Wharton Family, by Miss Anne Hollingsworth Wharton. The Lloyd and Carpenter Family, by Charles Perrin Smith. The Griffitts Family. The Wister Family. Manuscript of the Fishbourne Family, by Charles R. Hildeburn. Articles on Old Philadelphia Families, by Mr. F. Willing Leach, especially in relation to the Emlen, Scott, Hutchinson, and Hare ancestry. Some Colonial Mansions, by Thomas Allen Glenn, published by John C. Winston Company. Manuscript of descent from Samuel Carpenter' in Jamaica, by J. Carpenter Smith. Manuscript of the Dickinson Family, by Wharton Dickinson. Rossiana, by Major Harmon P. Read, Albany, N. Y. Manuscript of the Fisher Family, through Dr. George W. Norris. Mr. Malcolm Lloyd, Jr. Mr. Joseph M. Fox, Wakefield, Pa. Miss Anna Cressen. Mr. Alfred Roosevelt. Mr. Benjamin A. Carpenter, Salem, N. J. Mr. 1. 0. Acton, Salem, N. J. Rev. Dr. Louis C. Washburn. Mrs. Henry Wharton. Miss Mary Dickinson, Trenton, N. J. Mrs. Edwin Swift Balch. Mrs. John Conyngham Stevens. The librarians of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Louis HENRY CARPENTER, Brigadier-General U. S. Army (Retired) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Samuel Carpenter, 1649-1714. From the Original Painting in Possession of the Family. PAGE Frontispiece St. Mary's Church, Horsham, Sussex Co., England, built A.D. 1247 ............ Extract of register in St. Mary's Church, Horsham, Showing Entry of Christening of Samuel Carpenter .................................................................... Samuel Carpenter's residence on Water Street, store, etc., built about 168,5 ............... The old slate roof house, Second Street near Walnut, built by Samuel Carpenter about 1698. . Joshua Carpenter's mansion, Chestnut Street, north side, between Sixth and Seventh Streets Old mirror in the Carpenter Family since 1711 I Dolobran, Montgomeryshire, Wales, the home of the Lloyds from 1476 .................. The-parish church of Meivod, built A.D. 1154, where the Lloyds worshipped for generations. . . The Arms of the Lloyds of Dolobran with 15 quarterings. From a panel in Dolobran Hall . . The old Carpenter place at Mannington, near Salem, N. J., occupied by the Carpenters since the time of Preston Carpenter, 1742 ......... 2 3 12 24 35 42 44 45 48 51 Thomas Carpenter of Jamaica, from a miniature in possession of the family 53 Ann Lovibond Carpenter, wife of Thomas Carpenter of Jamaica, from a miniature in possession of the Family The Carpenter house at Carpenter's Landing, N. J., built about 1790 Edward Carpenter, 1st, of Carpenter's Landing, 1777-1813, from a miniature in possession of the Family Stratton Hall, Swedesboro, N. J., built about 1790 Governor Charles Creighton Stratton, 1796-1859, Governor of New Jersey, 1844-48 Honorable B. Franklin Honorable 1828-1893, served in the Civil War, member of Congress 1883 Honorable Thomas Preston Carpenter, 18o4-i876, judge of Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1845 Mrs. Richard W. Howell, 1805-1893, nee Mary Tonkin Carpenter The Mansion of the Howells of "Fancy Hill" on the Delaware, near Glocester, N. J Dr. James S. Carpenter, 1807-1872. Eminent Physician of Pottsville, Pa Rev. Samuel Tonkin Carpenter, 18io-i864 ........... Edward Carpenter, 2nd, of Philadelphia, 1813-1889 ..................................... Dr. John Thomas Carpenter, 1833-i8gg. Physician of Pottsville, Pa., Distinguished Medical Officer in the Civil War ................................ General Louis Henry Carpenter, brigadier-general U. S. Army ... Major James Edward Carpenter, 1841-1901. Member of Philadelphia bar, served in the Civil " Maudsleigh, " the residence of Frederick Strong Moseley, Newburyport, Mass ............ Thomas Wharton, Jr., 1735-1778. President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, in the Revolution ....................................................... Dr. Samuel Powel Griffitts, 1759-1826. Professor materia medica University of Pennsylvania, 1791-96 .................. 54 60 68 72 74 76 go 94 95 97 99 100 . 124 . 126 . 127 151 163 .. 165 Honorable John Morin Scott, 1789-1858. Mayor of Philadelphia, 18411-43 16g vii List of Illustrations PAGE George M. Wharton, 18o6-i87o. Eminent lawyer of Philadelphia 173 Dr. James Hutchinson, 1752 - 1793. Surgeon General of Pennsylvania in the Revolution, Pro fessor of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 175 Walnut Grove," the Residence of Joseph Wharton, on the Delaware, below the City. . ... . 213 Thomas Isaac Wharton, 1791-1856. Distinguished lawyer of Philadelphia 219 General James Samuel Wadsworth, of Geneseo, N. Y., 1807-1864. Brigadier-general, U. S. Vols. Died of wounds received at the Battle of the Wilderness 228 Monument to General Samuel Meredith, first treasurer of the United States, erected by the State of Pennsylvania at Pleasant Mount, Pa., near his estate of "Belmont," Wayne Co., Pennsylvania 255 Henry Hill, 1732-1798 256 George Clymer, 1739- 1 1813, 3, a signer of the Declaration of Independence 257 Town residence of George Clymer, Chestnut Street, near Seventh Street, Philadelphia 258 George Read of Delaware, 1733-1798, signer of the Declaration of Independence 259 General Philemon Dickinson, 1739-1 1809 Major-general commanding New Jersey troops, in the Revolution 260 Dr. Thomas Cadwalader, 1707-1777. Eminent physician of Philadelphia and Trenton 261 Honorable John M. Read, 1797-1874. Chief justice of Pennsylvania 262 Honorable John Meredith Read, Jr., 1837-1896. U.S. Consul-general in Paris, 186)-1873; U.S. Minister to Greece, 1873-1879 ............................................................ 267 SAMUEL CARPENTER HIS RELATIVES AND DESCENDANTS ENGLISH ANCESTRY generations, the descendants of Samuel Carpenter in Philadelphia were ignorant of the locality in England from whence their ancestor came to seek his fortune in the New World. No clue could be found among the letters and papers in the possession of the family, and there were no traditions which had been handed down to help to solve the problem. Samuel Carpenter and his two brothers, Joshua and Abraham, were men of education, rather remarkable for the times, and must have belonged to a family of some consideration, where so much attention had been given to the instruction of its members. In addition, the brothers all had money on their arrival in Philadelphia, Samuel more than the rest, as he had evidently made profitable investments in sugar during his stay for ten years in the Barbadoes; but Joshua was soon able to build a large mansion house on Chestnut street, and Abraham left several hundred pounds in his will to different relatives. That no word was left, by either of these, of the home where their childhood was spent is surprising, and can be accounted for most probably by the supposition that such statements were lost and forgotten in the lapse of years. In an inspection of the will of Abraham Carpenter in the records of Philadelphia, it was observed that he states that his brother John, who had lived at Horsham, Sussex County, England, was then deceased, showing that one of his brothers had been established at that place. Lately a statement was found, in the annals of the city, to the effect that the township of Horsham, to the north of Philadelphia, was in the first place principally owned by Samuel Carpenter, and that when the settlers thereon went to Samuel Carpenter, and asked him what name he would like for I The Carpenter Family the township, he replied to call it "Horsham." This story coming to light made some who were interested think that probably Samuel Carpenter had some connection with Horsham; and soon after, in September, 1900, while making some investigations in England, Mr. Thomas Allen Glenn dis- evidence, in the register of the Parish Church of St. Mary's at Horsham, to show that Samuel Carpenter, the first of his name in Phila- was born there, and probably lived there until after his father's death in 16 7 1, when he left with his share of the patrimony to seek his fortunes in the Barbadoes. The register shows that Samuel Carpenter was born November 4, 1649, and christened December 20, 1649, and that he was the son of John Carpenter by Sarah his wife. John Carpenter appears to have been married three times: (I) to* Mary Somervale, January 15, 1631; (2) to Sarah --, who died September 28, 1650; (3) to Elizabeth --. The surnames are not given in the last two entries nor the dates of marriage. Mary must have died about 1640. The following entries show the date of christening of the children of John Carpenter: 1 1638, Aug. 25, John, son of John Carpenter and Mary. 2 1642, June 12, Samuel, son of John Carpenter and Sarah. 3 1643, Oct. 29, Robert, son of John Carpenter and Sarah. 4 6 1644, Nov. 14, Sarah and Mary (twins), daughters of John Carpenter. 6 1646, NOV. 25, Damaris, daughter of John Carpenter and Sarah. 7 1649, Dec. 20, Samuel, son of John Carpenter (born Nov. 4). 8 1652, Nov. 18, Abraham, son of John Carpenter and Elizabeth. 9 1655, Jan. 3, Debora, daughter of John Carpenter. The following burials relating to the family are recorded: 1 1644, July 8, Robert, son of John Carpenter (born 1643). 2 1644, Sep. 3, Samuel, son of John Carpenter (born 1642). 3 165o, Sep. 28, Sarah, wife of John Carpenter. 4 1671, Aug. 9, John Carpenter, Senior. 5 1682, March 5, John Carpenter, Jr., householder, son of John Carpenter, Sr. A second child named Samuel, born November 4, 1649, was the ancestor of the Carpenter family in Philadelphia. The above entries show the children of John Carpenter, of Horsham, the father of. Samuel Carpenter, agreeing with those named in the will of Abraham Carpenter in Philadelphia, a brother of Samuel, proved April 14, 1708. It is stated therein that his brother John is deceased. The register shows that he died March 5, 1682. The only missing entry in the list is that of Joshua, who was probably born before John, baptized August 26, 1638, as his father was married (I) 2 The Carpenter family to Mary Somervale, January 15, 1631, leaving more than seven years to elapse before John was born. The pages of the register between 1631 and 1638 have become defective through the action of time and other causes, and the writing is illegible. Many of the entries in other periods cannot be made out, and it is therefore impossible to read important records of value in this connection. The oldest register in St. Mary's is dated from 1540, at which time the churches in England were directed to keep the records of births, marriages, an d deaths, by order of Henry VIII The following entries of the Carpenters are found from 1540 to 163 1, the date of the marriage of John Carpenter: 1559 November The same day was christened William Davyson ye sonne of William Davyson The Godfathers, Wm. Tuckeney and Thomas Carpenter and Mary Champion ye wife of John. 1562 June The same day was christened Thomas Howe, the sonne of John Howe The Godfathers Thomas Carpenter and John Sparrows The Godmother, Elizabeth Nolens Virg. MARRIAGES. 1565 May 20 Thomas Carpenter married Ales Fiste widow. 16io Sept. 12 John Carpenter married Elizabeth Carpenter. CHRISTENINGS. 1567 May 9 Baptized Thomas Carpenter ye sonne of Thomas Carpenter. 1568 Aug. 6 Baptized Susanna Carpenter ye daughter of Thomas Carpenter. 16oi Aug. Baptized Eleanor daughter of Robert Carpenter by Elizabeth his wife. BURIALS. 1581 Nov. 17 Thomas Carpenter. 1598 April 3 John Carpenter. 1604 April 28 Robert Carpenter. This comprises all the records that can be read. There seems to be no doubt that Thomas Carpenter was the first of the name to settle at Horsham. He appears there as a bachelor in I 1559, marries Ales Fiste, a widow, in 1565, and dies in 1581. From the records, it is most probable that Robert Carpenter was a son of Thomas and the father of John, the dates not conflicting. The few entries concerning him in the register show that he had a wife named Elizabeth and a daughter, Eleanor, and that he died in 1604. There were certainly other records concerning him, but they are not legible. John Carpenter had a son Robert, who died young, and the name seems to be evidence of the descent from the elder Robert. In examining the register none of the Carpenters concerned are recorded as belonging to any trade or business, which it was customary to do if that had been the case. John Carpenter, Jr., who died in 1682, March 3 SAMUEL CARPENTER HIS RELATIVES AND DESCENDANTS ENGLISH ANCESTRY generations, the descendants of Samuel Carpenter in Philadelphia were ignorant of the locality in England from whence their ancestor came to seek his fortune in the New World. No clue could be found among the letters and papers in the possession of the family, and there were no traditions which had been handed down to help to solve the problem. Samuel Carpenter and his two brothers, Joshua and Abraham, were men of education, rather remarkable for the times, and must have belonged to a family of some consideration, where so much attention had been given to the instruction of its members. In addition, the brothers all had money on their arrival in Philadelphia, Samuel more than the rest, as he had evidently made profitable investments in sugar during his stay for ten years in the Barbadoes; but Joshua was soon able to build a large mansion house on Chestnut street, and Abraham left several hundred pounds in his will to different relatives. That no word was left, by either of these, of the home where their childhood was spent is surprising, and can be accounted for most probably by the supposition that such statements were lost and forgotten in the lapse of years. In an inspection of the will of Abraham Carpenter in the records of Philadelphia, it was observed that he states that his brother John, who had lived at Horsham, Sussex County, England, was then deceased, showing that one of his brothers had been established at that place. Lately a statement was found, in the annals of the city, to the effect that the township of Horsham, to the north of Philadelphia, was in the first place principally owned by Samuel Carpenter, and that when the settlers thereon went to Samuel Carpenter, and asked him what name he would like for I The Carpenter Family the township, he replied to call it "Horsham." This story coming to light made some who were interested think that probably Samuel Carpenter had some connection with Horsham; and soon after, in September, 1900, while making some investigations in England, Mr. Thomas Allen Glenn discovered evidence, in the register of the Parish Church of St. Mary's at Horsham, to show that Samuel Carpenter, the first of his name in Philadelphia, was born there, and probably lived there until after his father's death in 1671, when he left with his share of the patrimony to seek his fortunes in the Barbadoes. The register shows that Samuel Carpenter was born November 4, 1649, and christened December 20, 1649, and that he was the son of John Carpenter by Sarah his wife. John Carpenter appears to have been married three times: (I) to* Mary Somervale, January 15, 1631; (2) to Sarah --, who died September 28, 1650; (3) to Elizabeth --. The surnames are not given in the last two entries nor the dates of marriage. Mary must have died about 1640. The following entries show the date of christening of the children of John Carpenter: 1 1638, Aug. 25, John, son of John Carpenter and Mary. 2 1642, June 12, Samuel, son of John Carpenter and Sarah. 3 1643, Oct. 29, Robert, son of John Carpenter and Sarah. 4 6 1644 Nov. 14, Sarah and Mary (twins), daughters of John Carpenter. 6 1646, NOV. 25, Damaris, daughter of John Carpenter and Sarah. 7 1649, Dec. 20, Samuel, son of John Carpenter (born Nov. 4). 8 1652, Nov. 18, Abraham, son of John Carpenter and Elizabeth. 9 1655, Jan. 3, Debora, daughter of John Carpenter. The following burials relating to the family are recorded: 1 1644, July 8, Robert, son of John Carpenter (born 1643). 2 1644, Sep. 3, Samuel, son of John Carpenter (born 1642). 3 165o, Sep. 28, Sarah, wife of John Carpenter. 4 1671, Aug. 9, John Carpenter, Senior. 5 1682, March 5, John Carpenter, Jr., householder, son of John Carpenter, Sr. A second child named Samuel, born November 4, 1649, was the ancestor of the Carpenter family in Philadelphia. The above entries show the children of John Carpenter, of Horsham, the father of. Samuel Carpenter, agreeing with those named in the will of Abraham Carpenter in Philadelphia, a brother of Samuel, proved April 14, 1708. It is stated therein that his brother John is deceased. The register shows that he died March 5, 1682. The only missing entry in the list is that of Joshua, who was probably born before John, baptized August 26, 1638, as his father was married (I) 2 The Carpenter family to Mary Somervale, January 15, 1631, leaving more than seven years to elapse before John was born. The pages of the register between 1631 and 1638 have become defective through the action of time and other causes, and the writing is illegible. Many of the entries in other periods cannot be made out, and it is therefore impossible to read important records of value in this connection. The oldest register in St. Mary's is dated from 1540, at which time the churches in England were directed to keep the records of births, marriages, an d deaths, by order of Henry VIII The following entries of the Carpenters are found from 1540 to 163 1, the date of the marriage of John Carpenter: 1559 November The same day was christened William Davyson ye sonne of William Davyson The Godfathers, Wm. Tuckeney and Thomas Carpenter and Mary Champion ye wife of John. 1562 June The same day was christened Thomas Howe, the sonne of John Howe The Godfathers Thomas Carpenter and John Sparrows The Godmother, Elizabeth Nolens Virg. MARRIAGES. 1565 May 20 Thomas Carpenter married Ales Fiste widow. 16io Sept. 12 John Carpenter married Elizabeth Carpenter. CHRISTENINGS. 1567 May 9 Baptized Thomas Carpenter ye sonne of Thomas Carpenter. 1568 Aug. 6 Baptized Susanna Carpenter ye daughter of Thomas Carpenter. 16oi Aug. Baptized Eleanor daughter of Robert Carpenter by Elizabeth his wife. BURIALS. 1581 Nov. 17 Thomas Carpenter. 1598 April 3 John Carpenter. 1604 April 28 Robert Carpenter. This comprises all the records that can be read. There seems to be no doubt that Thomas Carpenter was the first of the name to settle at Horsham. He appears there as a bachelor in I 1559, marries Ales Fiste, a widow, in 1565, and dies in 1581. From the records, it is most probable that Robert Carpenter was a son of Thomas and the father of John, the dates not conflicting. The few entries concerning him in the register show that he had a wife named Elizabeth and a daughter, Eleanor, and that he died in 1604. There were certainly other records concerning him, but they are not legible. John Carpenter had a son Robert, who died young, and the name seems to be evidence of the descent from the elder Robert. In examining the register none of the Carpenters concerned are recorded as belonging to any trade or business, which it was customary to do if that had been the case. John Carpenter, Jr., who died in 1682, March 3 The (Carpenter Family 5, is rated as a householder. The Carpenters at Horsham were apparently there for three generations before Samuel went to America, but no trace has been found of a manor or considerable landed property, and it is thought that Thomas Carpenter must have come there from a line more permanently established elsewhere of an earlier date. Researches are now being made to determine this point if possible. The name of Carpenter as a surname is an ancient one in England, but, being of Latin origin, it does not appear prior to the Conquest. It is noted that the Domesday Book mentions several tenants in chief located in various places under the name of " Carpentarie. " At an early date families of the name of consideration were located in the counties in the southwest and south of England. In the reign of Edward I, a representative named John Carpenter was sent to Parliament from Leskard in Cornwall, and others later from various boroughs. In the fifteenth century a branch of the Carpenters were located in the Manor of Homme in Herefordshire, the first of record being William Carpenter, born about 1440, who died in 520. After several generations the estate was bequeathed, in 1773, by Thomas Carpenter, a descendant, to his cousin George Carpenter, then the Earl of Tyrconnel in Ireland, whose ancestor had been created Baron Carpenter of Killaghy in 1719 for his services as lieutenant-general in the British army commanding the forces who defeated the rebel army in 1715 at Preston, England, in the reign of George I. This line became extinct in 1853. The most ancient coat of arms of the Carpenters has for the device in the field three cross crosslets, which appear in many pedigrees filed in the Herald office in London. These lines were located chiefly in the counties of Hereford and Gloucester. The arms borne by the Carpenters of Homme in Herefordshire show the three cross crosslets, and the same appears in a lineage of several generations commencing about 1300 with a Maurice Carpenter, or Carpender, Gent., in the County of Gloucester, and reported in the Herald Visitation in that county. These arms were also borne by the Earls of Tyrconnel, whose descent was through the Carpenters of Homme. Burke says that this family was of great antiquity in Herefordshire. It is believed that the arms originated in the Crusades, on account of the cross device. Many branches of the Carpenters are located in Surrey and Sussex, within a short distance of each other, and the William Carpenter of Wherwell, England, who went to Weymouth, Mass., in 1638 and afterwards to Rehoboth, Mass., and was the ancestor of the New England line, and also the William Carpenter who emigrated to Providence, Rhode Island, at an 4 The (Carpenter Family early date, came from this vicinity, and much has been written by their descendants, claiming a probable connection in England including the Philadelphia line. Up to the present, however, no evidence, that we are aware of, has been discovered to establish this contention, excepting that a Daniel Carpenter, of Rehoboth, died in 1767, and on his gravestone is engraved the greyhound coat of arms used by the Carpenters of Philadelphia for many generations. The father of Samuel Carpenter died in Horsham, August 9, 1[671; and Samuel must have left England in a year or so, as the records of the Barbadoes show that he was fined there in 1673 for failing to furnish men in arms, and again in 1683 for the same reason. He had apparently become THE ARMS OF CARPENTER, EARL OF TYRCONNEL a convert to the doctrines of the Quakers before leaving England, and seems to have been the only one of his family to take that course. There was a persecution of the Quakers in Horsham as early as 1655, but the records do not show the name of Carpenter as in the list of those prosecuted. His brothers Joshua and Abraham followed him to Philadelphia, whither he went in 1683; but they both belonged to the Church of England, and Joshua was prominent as one of the founders of Christ Church, Philadelphia. John Carpenter of Horsham must have been a man of means, as Samuel, Joshua, and Abraham came to the Province of Pennsylvania with money. The brothers, especially Samuel and Joshua, were well-educated men, of excellent ability and judgment, and soon made their mark in the colony. 5 4' The Carpenter Family THE CARPENTER ARMS THE coat of arms in possession of the Carpenter family of Philadelphia was granted to William Carpenter, Surrey County and Sussex County, England (showing connections in both Surrey and Sussex), Gentleman of his Majesty's Honorable Privy Chamber Extraordinary, by Sir Edward Byshe Clarenceux, March 4, 1663, in the reign of Charles IL There is a tradition that these arms were granted especially on account of services rendered to the royal cause during the civil war in England. THE CARPENTER ARMS SAMUEL CARPENTER THE religious principles of the early Friends or Quakers caused them to refuse to render military service, to pay tithes for the support of the national church, or to listen to the preaching of its ministers. While they inculcated the doctrine of non-resistance, they at the same time stoutly maintained that in matters of religion every man should be guided by the dictates of his own conscience and worship God after his own fashion. The promulgation of these and other doctrines peculiar to the sect drew down upon them the indignation of the dignifanies of the English Church, the scoffs and revilings of the populace, and the relentless persecution of the government officials. The blood-hounds of the law were unloosed. The Carpenter Cobham Surrey, Sussex--Ar. a greyhound pass. and a chief sa. Crest: A greyhound's head erased per fesse sa. and ar. 6 The Carpenter Family Friends were fined, pilloried, imprisoned, and subjected to all manner of indignities. But the spark lighted by the preaching of George Fox continued to spread, in spite of the obstacles it encountered, until not a few of noble parentage became enrolled among his followers. These persecutions, however, caused many to leave their native country and seek an asylum in foreign lands or distant colonies. Many emigrated to the islands of Jamaica and Barbadoes, although even there followed by fines and penalties for their strict adherence to their religious principles. Among those who thus sought refuge in the island of Barbadoes appears the name of Samuel Carpenter. In a work published in London, A. D. 17 5 3, entitled, " A Collection of the Sufferings of the People called Quakers for the Testimony of a Good Conscience," by Joseph Besse, it is stated that, "in 1673 Samuel Carpenter was fined 1 1 1 0 pounds of sugar in B arbadoes for not appearing or sending men in arms." This is the first authentic notice of him that I have met with. By the tradition of the family, corroborated by some circumstantial evidence, it is probable that he emi grated from the County of Sussex, in England, to the island of Barbadoes when a young man, and, being possessed of uncommon talents and enterprise, he there embarked in a lucrative commerce, in which he continued as long as he remained upon the isl and-viz., about ten or eleven years. In 1683 he was again fined, along with Henry Wheatly, 6673 pounds sugar for not appearing or sending their servants in arms. The Charter of Pennsylvania was granted by Charles II to William Penn on January 5, 1681. "His father had held great naval commands. As Admiral under Prince James, the Duke of York, he had gained a victory over the Dutch fleet commanded by Van Updam. He had been Commissioner of the Admiralty, had sat in Parliament, and had received the honor of knighthood. William, the son, had been educated for the profession of arms, but relinquished his prospects in-that direction by joining the Quakers." He had been imprisoned in the Tower and in Newgate and was tried in "the Old Bailey" for preaching in defiance of the law. After a time, however, he became reconciled to his family, and eventually obtained such powerful interest in his behalf at court, that he received, in satisfaction of a debt due from the Crown, for his father's services, a grant of upward of forty thousand square miles of territory in North America. A princely estate truly if we could measure its value by the standard of the present day! With great liberality, Penn invited not only those of his own sect but others of different creeds to come and occupy the land, with freedom to each one to worship God according to his own faith. 7 The Carpenter family No wonder that the Quakers pining in exile or smarting with persecution should have hastened to take refuge in Penn's colony on the banks of the Delaware, notwithstanding its broad acres of mountain and plain were still an unbroken wilderness, save only where a few Swedes and Dutch had settled along the shores of that river. The first ship, "the John and Sarah," with emigrants, arrived in the Delaware in the autumn of 1681. The city of Philadelphia was located in the latter part of 1682. Penn arrived at New Castle on the 27th of October, 1682, and during the same year no less than twenty-three ships loaded with emigrants and supplies arrived in the Delaware. Samuel Carpenter promptly availed himself of the opportunity which the invitation of Penn offered to leave the island of Barbadoes. Having closed his business, he bade farewell to its inhospitable shores and set sail for Philadelphia, where he arrived about the tenth of July, 1683. Among the records preserved in the Race Street Friends Meeting of Philadelphia, the following entry appears: SAMUEL CARPFNTER ----- This certificate was read in the Monthly Meeting in Philadelphia and accepted, which was given him by the Monthly Meeting of Friends at Bridgeton in the Island of Barbadoes the 23rd day of the 6th Month 1683 and subscribed by-Oliver Hovteer, Edward Hunt, John Chase, Thomas Pilgrim, and several others, as also by Henry Cuner as a Friend not belonging to the aforesaid Meeting. And in the same book it is also recorded as follows, viz.: HANNAH HARDIMAN --- Her certificate was read at the Monthly Meeting at Philadelphia and accepted, which was given tier from Haverford West Meeting in Wales the 2nd of the 6th Month 1683 and subscribed by - Peregrine Musgrave, Francis Lloyd, John Burge, James Lewis, Abraham Hardiman. JANE HARDIMAN - Mother of the above having given a certificate of her consent to her daughter's departure for Pennsylvania was read in the Meeting and accepted, also it being subscribed by the said Jane Hardiman in the presence of - Peregrine Musgrave, Abraham Hardiman, Thomas Ellis, George Painter Whether any acquaintance existed between Samuel Carpenter and Hannah Hardiman previous to their arrival at Philadelphia from such widely separated parts of the world we have no means of knowing; but they were married on the twelfth of December, 1684. He was thirty-five years old, having been born in 1649. The bride was born in 1646 and was thirtyeight. By the minutes of the Monthy Meeting of Friends preserved in the Arch Street Meeting, to which I have had access, it appears they declared their intention of marriage the first time on the fourth of the Ninth Month, 1684, and the second time on the second of the Tenth Month of the same year. The following is a copy of the marriage certificate: 8 The (Carpenter Family Whereas, Samuel Carpenter of Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsylvania, and Hannah Hardiman of the same, did declare their intentions of marriage in several public meetings of the people of God called Quakers, and upon inquiry made of their clearness, the said Meetings finding them clear of all others, and that they had the consent of their relations and parties concerned, they were approved by the said meetings-These are therefore to certify all whom it shall or may concern, that for the full determining the intentions aforesaid this 12th day of the 10th month (called December) 1684 in an assembly of the people of God afo esaid at their usual meeting place in Philadelphia aforesaid, the said Samuel Carpenter did then and there in a solemn manner according to the example of the holy men recorded in the Scriptures of Truth and the good practice of the people of God in this age take the said Hannah Hardiman by the hand, and spake as follows, viz, "Friends in the fear of the Lord, and in the presence of this assembly, I take thee my friend Hannah Hardiman to be my wife, and do promise as the Lord shall enable me, to be a faithful constant and loving husband until death shall separate us;" and then the said Hannah Hardiman did also then and there, in like manner, take him the said Samuel Carpenter by the hand and declare as follows, viz, " My friends in the presence of the Lord and of this Assembly and in the feeling of his power I take thee my friend Samuel Carpenter to be my husband and do promise to be to him a faithful loving and constant wife until death shall separate us," and for a further continuation thereof the parties above mentioned have hereunto as husband and wife subscribed their names; to which we who were present at the solemnizing of the said marriage and their subscription in manner and form aforesaid have hereunto set our hands as Witnesses to the same the day and year above written. SAMUEL CARPENTER. HANNAH CARPENTER. Raf Tretwell James Claypole Henry Lewis Elinor Paintor 1. Latham DeLaplaine S. Pettison John Jones Thos. Bowles Griffith Jones Thos. Croose Reese Peters Joseph Bonkir Alexander Beardsley Andrew Griscom Rich Whitfield Mary Philpine John Southworth Richard Wood George Painter Margaret A. Pierce Henry Waddy Nathaniel Allen Wm. Hampton William Powell Trydall Holme Thos. Duckett Margaret Lewis Benjm. Chambers Nathan Stanbery Sarah James John Day Philip England Sarah Moore Eliza Duffe Morris Morgan William Kelley Margaret Peters Mary Whitfield Philip James Henry Fownes Ellen Southworth John Moore Thos. Ellis Ellen Croose NOTE.-The original certificate written on parchment is in the possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. It is the earliest marriage certificate in Pennsylvania now known to be in existence. - J. E. C. 1898. Hannah Hardiman, who married Samuel Carpenter, became a prominent and influential member of the religious Society of Friends or Quakers, and possessed considerable intellectual ability. Some of her writings are still preserved, chiefly upon the proper education of the young. She survived her husband about fourteen years. Of her family but little is known. Her mother, Jane Hardiman, was a widow when she (Hannah) emigrated from Haverford West, in Wales, to Philadelphia. One brother, Abraham Hardiman, also a much-esteemed member of the Society of Friends, followed his sister to Philadelphia. He married, first, -. Their children: (I) Mary, who married George Fitzwater (son 9 The Carpenter Family of Thomas Fitzwater, who married Elizabeth Palmer in 1684). (2) Hannah, who married Gilbert Falconer (son of David Falconer, of Edinburgh, Scotland). (3) Rebecca. Secondly, Abraham Hardiman married Rebecca Willsford, of New Jersey, a noted minister of the Gospel among Friends, by whom he had one child, Deborah, who married George Claypole. The will of Abraham Hardiman, dated August 28, 1699, proved at Philadelphia, September 10, 1702, mentions his three cousins, John and Rebecca Harris and Rebecca Williams. It would be difficult at this date to form an adequate conception of the arduous circumstances that surrounded those adventurous emigrants - the dangers they encountered and privations they endured. Nor can we sufficiently admire the wisdom that governed their councils and the patient an( I persevering energy with which their plans were executed. The route across the broad Atlantic was not yet fully explored. In naval architecture and navigation there was yet much to learn. Nautical instruments were comparatively imperfect. Ships were often badly equipped and inadequately provisioned. Having a wholesome fear of the Sand Banks of Newfoundland, they sailed southwardly along the coasts of Europe until they reached about the latitude of the Azores and then westwardly across the ocean to America. We read of ships sailing for America being wrecked upon the coast of Portugal. - The voyage, that in the steam palaces of the present day is made with certainty in nine or ten days or less, was not unfrequently prolonged to four and even six months. Of the three ships ps which sailed from London for Philadelphia in 1681, the first, the "John and Sarah," arrived at her destination in the Delaware in a little more than two months; the second, the "Factor," made the voyage in four months, and the third, the "Amity," was blown to the West Indies and did not arrive until the following spring. To the discomforts of a long sea voyage under such adverse circumstances, there also is to be added the fear of pirates which then infested the seas. In the letters of Francis Daniel Pastorius to his father and friends in Germany, published at 'Frankfort and Leipsic, 1700-4, he thus describes his fare on shipboard. Having set sail from Deal on the 7th of June, 1683, with nine persons related to him, and a large company of German settlers, accompanied by Thomas Lloyd, of Dolobran, Montgomeryshire, Wales, and his three daughters (of whom I shall have more to say hereafter), in the ship "America," Captain Joseph Wasey, he says: "Our allowance of food and drink was very bad. For dinner every noon we had peas, four times 10 The Carpenter Family a week we had meat, and three times, salt-fish, which we had to dress ourselves with the butter distributed to us. What was left from dinner we had to save for supper. This food being very inadequate, every one must provide himself before entering the ship with provisions." During the voyage they were chased by Turkish pirates, from whom they fortunately escaped, and after many tribulations arrived safely in the Delaware. "On the twentieth of August, 1683, we sailed past New Castle and Upland and arrived towards evening happily at Philadelphia, where I was received by the Governor, William Penn, with love and friendship." Philadelphia then consisted of three or four little cottages, all the residue being only woods, underwood and timber, in which Pastorius says he several times lost himself in travelling from the water-side to the house of Cornelius Born, the baker, which stood near the comer of Third and Chestnut Streets. All kinds of temporary expedients had to be resorted to. Pastorius and his companions were obliged to occupy caves in the river bank until the lands assigned to them could be surveyed and houses built for their accommodations. Hannah Hardiman and the daughters of Thomas Lloyd must have found a rude exchange for the refinements of their former homes at Haverford West and Dolobran in Wales. In this year 1683 the emigration was very great. They came from England, Ireland, Wales, Holland, and Germany. Penn said in his letter to Lord North, "Since last summer we have had about sixty sail great and small shipping, which is a good beginning." All that came wanted a dwelling and hastened to provide one. "As they lovingly helped each other, the women set themselves to work they had not been used to before." It was at this period and under these circumstances that Samuel Carpenter arrived at Philadelphia. Possessed of considerable means, he lost no time in securing for himself the desirable location which he afterwards occupied as his residence and for business purposes. "Holmes Portraiture of Philadelphia," done in 1683-4 as a kind of city platform, shows the localities chosen for building at that time. It shows about twenty small cottages upon the river bank. All lots owned on Delaware Front Street are marked as running through to Second Street. About six or eight of such lots fill up a square. Their owners also had one thousand acres or more in the country and received their city lots as appurtenant to their country purchases. Samuel Carpenter's lot extends from Front to Second Street and is the second lot above Walnut Street, No. 16. (On the Second Street front of this lot he subsequently built the historic Slate Roof House.) The Carpenter family William Penn, in a letter written in 1683 describing some of the facts of chief interest in Philadelphia, says, "There is a fair key of about 3 00 feet square a little above Walnut Street built by Samuel Carpenter-to which a ship of five hundred tons may lay her broad side." Gabriel Thomas, who came from England in the ship "John and Sarah" in 1681, in his account printed in 1698 says, "There is also a very convenient Wharf called Carpenter's Wharf which hath a fine necessary Crane belonging to it with suitable granaries and store houses." And Robert Turner in his letter to the Governor says, "Samuel Carpenter has built another house by his, and is our lime burner on his -wharf." The two houses mentioned by Robert Turner were built on the east side of King Street, now Water Street, above Walnut Street, one of which was the mansion house in which he resided, and the other a coffee-house or tavern. The lot extended from Walnut Street to Ton Alley, the dimensions being 270 feet front on King Street or Water Street by 198 feet deep. It was on the east side (Delaware front) of this lot that he built the "fair key" mentioned by William Penn, probably the first wharf built at Philadelphia. It thus appears that his lots extended all the way from the Delaware to Second Street, except the space between King and Front Streets, which last was subsequently added. I add the following notice of this property by John Rednian Carpenter (1828), VIZ.: The residence of Samuel Carpenter in Philadelphia was on Water Street, at that time the court street of the town. The lot extended from Walnut Street to Ton Alley, the dimensions 270 feet front on the Water Street by 198 feet deep (as before stated). There was on it a long wharf and ten warehouses, together with a mansion house and tavern. The wharf is now in the possession of the heirs of Thomas P. Cope. The warehouses are still standing and used for the storage of merchandise. They form two rows parallel to each other and intersect the lot east and west. They are narrow buildings. In 1828 they belonged to Samuel Wharton, a descendant of Samuel Carpenter. In 1719 the widow of Samuel Carpenter gave to her son Samuel her life interest in the northerly half of this property, on which stood five of the warehouses, and to her son John the southerly half of the same, on which were the other five warehouses and the mansion house. Deborah Logan informed me that she had some recollection of the appearance of the mansion, which was taken down many years since. She described it as a large brick edifice of an antiquated and peculiar style, having its gable and frontings on Water Street, with a portico and high steps. Robert Turner, a prominent man among the early settlers in Philadelphia, who emigrated from the city of Dublin, wrote to William Penn the following curious description of the progress of the infant city, to be used by him as an advertisement: Now as to the town of Philadelphia, it goeth on in planting and building to admiration, both in the front and backward, and there are about Six hundred houses in three years time and since. I built my brick house, the foundations of which were laid at thy going, which I did design after a good manner to encourage others, and that from building with wood, it being the first; 12 The Carpenter family many take example, and some that built wooden houses are sorry for it. Brick building is said to be as cheap. Bricks are exceedingly good and better than when I built. More makers fallen in, and bricks cheaper. They were before at 16 S. English per M and now many brave brick houses are going up with good cellars. Arthur Cook is building him a brave brick house near William Framptons on the front, for William Frampton hath since built a good brick house by his Brew house and the Bake house and let the other for an ordinary. John Wheeler from New England is building a good brick house by the Blue Anchor, and the two brick makers a double brick house and cellars, beside several others going on. Samuel Carpenter has built another house by his. I am building another by mine which is three large stories high, besides a good brick cellar underneath of two bricks and a half thickness in the wall, and the next story half under ground. The cellar hath an arched door for a vault to go under the Street to the River and so to bring in goods or deliver out. Humphrey Murray from New York has built a large timber house with brick chimnies. John Test has almost finished a good brick house and a bake house of timber. And N. Allen a good house next to Thomas Wynnes front lot. John Day, a good house after the London fashion, most brick, with a large frame of wood in the front for shop windows. All these have balconies. Daniel Pegg and Thomas Smith are partners and set to brick making this year, and they are very good. Also Pastorius the German friend, agent for the company at Frankfort with his Dutch people, is preparing to make brick next year. Samuel Carpenter is our lime burner on his wharf. Brave lime stone found here as the workman say, being proven. We build most houses with balconies. Lots are much desired in the Town. Great buying one of another. We are now laying the foundation of a large plain brick house for a Meeting House in the centre. Sixty feet long and about forty feet broad, and hope to have it up soon, many hearts and hands at work that will do it. A large Meeting House fifty feet long and thirtyeight feet broad, also going up on the front of the river for an evening meeting, the work going on apace. Many town people selling their liberty houses. I hope the society will cut off the reproaches some have cast upon them. We now begin to gather in something of our many great debts. On the 27th of December, 1683, 1 find the name of Samuel Carpenter on the list of grand jurors, probably of the first grand jury that sat in the city of Philadelphia. As an item of ancient history, I extract the following from the Minutes of the Provincial Council: At a Council held at Philadelphia the seventh of the twelfth month 1683 - Present - William Penn Proprietor and Governor, Lasse Cock, William Clayton, John Symcock, Thomas Holmes. Margaret Mattson and Yestro Henderickson examined and about to be proven witches. Whereupon this Board ordered that Neils Mattson should enter into a Recognizance of fifty pounds for his wife's appearance before this board the 27th instant. Jacob Hendrickson doth the same for his wife. At a Council held the twenty-seventh of the 12th Mo. 1683, the Grand jury being attested, the Governor gave them their charge, and the Attorney General attended them with the presentment. [Their names follow - twenty - one - the second in order being Samuel Carpenter.] Post Meridian. The Grand jury made their return and found the Bill. Margaret Mattson, indictment made-She pleads not guilty and will be tryed by the country - Lasse Cock attested Interpreter between the proprietor and the prisoner at the bar. The Petit jury empanelled [twelve men, whose names are given. Then follows the testimony reported] The prisoner denyth the things and sayeth that ye witnesses speak only by hear-say. After which the Governor gave the jury their charge concerning the Prisoner. The jury went forth and upon their return brought her in guilty of having the common fame of a Witch but not Guilty in manner and form as she stands indicted. 13 The Carpenter Family As showing the high estimation in which Samuel Carpenter was held at this early period by his contemporaries and the respect that was paicl to his opinions in matters affecting the welfare of the community in which he lived, I add further extracts from the Minutes of the Colonial Council. At a Council held at Philadelphia "ye 28th of ye first Month Samuel Carpenter's judgment towards raising of a tax upon liquors, viz, upon Brandy 12 d. ye Gallon, Beer, Ale, Rum, Spanish Wine 5d per Gallon: Madeira each Pipe 50s. French Wine 4 (pounds) per Tun and give in this way 1000 (pounds) by way of customs upon goods, is his best advice." On the 22nd of the Third Month, " It was moved that Samuel Carpenter be sent for to be discussed with all about farming: the Excise, but he declined to do it." On the 20th of the same month, Samuel Carpenter with eight others attended the Council " to advise and consult concerning the collection of the revenue. " "Who if they accept it, they shall not only be made Savers, if they give in a just account but gayners. They are to give in an account here to-night at 6 o'clock." Post Meridian. " Samuel Carpenter offers and all of them are willing, that a survey may be made upon their goods, and think they shall raise three hundred pounds more among friends, that may answer the thing intended; also that they will give an account thereof and get the inscriptions to be in lieu of other engagements." At a Council held at Philadelphia "Ye 22nd day of ye Eighth Month 1684-Ordered that James Claypole, Samuel Carpenter and William Frampton be commissioners to dispose of the French ship Hope condemned by order of the Council as a French bottom and no wise free to trade or import any goods into any of his Majestys Plantations in America." Sold by "inch of candle to Barnabas Wilcox for (Pounds) 59 (shillings) 10 (Pence?) d6." "On the 9th Of 2nd Mo. 1685 Samuel Carpenter received a Commission to appoint a Collector in New Castle County." In May, 1685, the, name of Samuel Carpenter appeared in the list of the members of the Legislature of New Jersey returned to represent the Third Tenth. A note appended says, "Robert Turner and Samuel Carpenter appear not." , On the 25th of the Ninth Month of the same year the same body again assembled, at which time Samuel Carpenter appeared and took his seat to represent the Salem Tenth, and was appointed one of the Council. (Vide, Learning and Spicer.) At a meeting of Council held at Philadelphia on the 5th of the Fifth Month, 1686, a license was granted to Joshua Carpenter to keep an ordinary in the house erected for that purpose by his brother Samuel Carpenter on the wharf. At a meeting of Council held at Philadelphia on the 9th of the Seventh Month, 1687, Samuel Carpenter was returned by the sheriff of the county of Philadelphia to serve in Provincial Council in the room of James Claypole for the remaining time he was to serve. " This day signed the attest and took his seat at the Board." A Friends school was established in Philadelphia in 1685, which upon the petition of Samuel Carpenter and others was duly incorporated. The 14 The Carpenter Family charter was granted by William Penn with extensive privileges, and names Samuel Carpenter one of fifteen trustees to whom the care of its management was intrusted. It was situated on the east side of Fourth street below Chestnut. In 1688 William Penn, having received a letter from Thomas Lloyd requesting to be released from public affairs, wrote to his Commissioners of State (of whom Thomas Lloyd was president) as follows: [Extract.] Holland House, England. I am sorry that my esteemed friend Thomas Lloyd covets a quietus, who is so young active and ingenuous, but since it is his desire, I do hereby signify his dismissal from office and the trouble he has borne (for some time of rest and quiet at least) and do nominate to be commissioned in my name under the great seal Samuel Carpenter who I hope will accept and industriously serve that Station, Samuel Carpenter accepted the appointment, and the record of numerous deeds and patents bearing his signature as one of three commissioners representing the Proprietor in his absence may be found in the books of the Office for Recording of Deeds, etc., for the City and County of Philadelphia. The Proprietor, William Penn, conferred a "Charter of Privileges" on the Province October 28, 1701, and also issued a "Charter for the City of Philadelphia," dated October 25, 1701. Likewise by letters patent, October 2 8, 17 0 1 under the Great Seal, he established a Council of State for the Province and Territories (Proud's "History of Pennsylvania," Vol. i) as follows: William Penn True and absolute proprietary and Governor in Chief of the Province of Pennsylvania and Territories there unto belonging To all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth Greeting: Know ye, that I have Nominated appointed and Ordained my Trusty and well beloved friends, Edward Shippen John Guest Samuel Carpenter William Clark Thomas Story Griffith Owen Phineas Pemberton Samuel Finney Caleb Pusey and John Blunston to be my Council of State for ye Government of the said Province of Pensilvania and Counties annexed, of whom any four, shall be a Quorum to consult and assist with the best of their advice and Council, me or my Lieutenant or Deputy Governor for ye time being in all publick affairs and Matters relating to ye Government & to ye peace, safety and well being of the people thereof, and in the absence of Me and my Lieutenant out of the said Province & Territories or upon my Lieutenants decease or other incapacity I do by these Presents give and grant to the said Edward Shippen John Guest Samuel Carpenter William Clark Thomas Story Griffith Owen Phineas Pemberton Samuel Finney Caleb Pusey and John Blunston or any five of them, to exercise all and Singular ye powers jurisdictions and Authorities whatsoever to me and my Heirs by virtue of the Royal Charter or Letters Patent of King Charles ye second given and granted that are or shall be necessary for ye we I Governing of ye said Province & Territories and for ye administering Maintaining and Executing of justice, and providing for ye safety and well being of the said people during such absence, they and each of them, the said Edward Shippen John Guest Samuel Carpenter William Clark Thomas Story Griffith Owen Phineas Pemberton Samuel Finney Caleb Pusey and John Blunston to continue in place till my further order shall be known, and I do further hereby grant to my 15 The Carpenter Family Lieut. Governor for ye time being full power and authority upon ye decease or removal of any of the said Council to Nominate & appoint others to serve in their place and stead, also to add to the number of Council now appointed, and to appoint a President of ye said Council when and so often as my said Lieutenant shall see cause, and in case he shall not appoint a President, then the First named or ye next to him shall and is hereby empowered to take ye chair. Given under my hand & Great Seal of this Province at Philadelphia the twenty Eighth of October in the Thirteenth year of the reign of King William ye Third over England &c, and the One and Twentieth of my Government Anno Domini 170 1 Signed. WM PENN. (Seal) Recorded in the Rolls Office at Philadelphia in Patent Book A, Vol. ii p. 154, 155, 9th Mo., 14, 1701. The curious picture of Philadelphia which hangs in the Philadelphia Library, painted by Peter Cooper about the year 1714, represents as a conspicuous object -the house of Samuel Carpenter as seen from the river near Walnut Street. "Carpenter Stairs," nearly opposite, was a passageway from Front Street to what was at first called King Street, but which since the Revolutionary War has been called Water Street. "The Globe Tavern" (in which Joshua Carpenter obtained a license from the Council to keep an ordinary) was in later days called "Peg Mullin's Beef Steak House." The late Colonel Morris said it was the fashionable house in his youthful days. Governor Hamilton and others held their clubs there, and there too the Freemasons and most of the public societies and parties held their meetings. Very little is now known of the foreign commerce that was carried on during the period between the settlement of Philadelphia in 1682 and the death of Samuel Carpenter in 1714, but it is certain that a considerable trade existed with the West India Islands, together with frequent voyages to England. The islands of Jamaica and Barbadoes were points of frequent intercourse. The exports were chiefly agricultural products, grain and tobacco, together with skins and furs; so "Carpenter's Wharf " was a wellknown landmark, and all accounts agree that he was the most enterprising and successful merchant of his time. From the time of his arrival in Pennsylvania, Samuel Carpenter was actively engaged not only in the multifarious transactions of his own private business, but also in the improvements of the town and in the affairs of government. Watson, in his Annals of Philadelphia, says, "The name of Samuel Carpenter is connected with everything of a public nature in the early annals of Philadelphia. I have seen his name at every turn in searching the old records. He was the Stephen Girard of his day for wealth, and the William Sansom in the improvements he made and the edifices he built." His enterprising spirit and desire to promote the growth and improvement of his adopted city led him beyond the increase of the population, so that 16 The Carpenter Family the depreciation of his real estate, together with heavy losses incurred in trade brought about by the war of 1703, greatly embarrassed him and finally made it necessary for him to sell his property to liquidate his debts. The following items of real estate are known to have belonged to him, most of which are mentioned in Watson's Annals of Philadelphia: I. A large estate in and adjacent to the town of Bristol in Bucks County, Pennsylvania with saw- and gristmills and including most of the site of the present town of Bristol. 2. The slate-roof house at the southeast comer of Second Street and Norris Alley (now Gothic Street). 3. Certain town lots situated on the north side of Market Street, Philadelphia, between Fifth and Sixth Streets, and reaching half-way to Arch Street. 4. He was joint proprietor with William Penn and Caleb Pusey of a grist-mill at Chester. 5. A lot of ground extending from the Delaware River to Second Street and from Walnut Street to Norris Alley. 6. The mansion house on King Street, crane, bakery, ten warehouses, Globe Tavern, and long wharf built on the eastern - most portion of the last-mentioned lot. 7. One-half of a mill at Darby with a large pond. 8. Five thousand acres of land lying on Poquessing Creek fifteen miles from Philadelphia. 9. The Sepviva plantation, containing 380 acres, part of Fair Hill, in the County of Philadelphia. 10. One thousand acres in Piles Grove Township, Salem County, New Jersey. 1 1. Fifty acres lying between the lands of William Cooper and of John Kaighn in the City of Camden. 12. Six hundred acres on Timber Creek in New Jersey, constituting part of the Howell estate of "Fancy Hill." 13. Eleven hundred acres situated in Elsinborough near the site of the old Swede Fort in Salem County, New Jersey, and including the farm now or formerly owned by Clement Hall. 14. Three-sixteenths of five thousand acres of land and a mine called Pickering's mine. 15. A coffee-house at the northeast corner of Front and Walnut Streets and scales. In 1684 Samuel Carpenter purchased from Samuel Jennings six hundred acres of land in New Jersey, lying on the south side of Timber Creek, having a considerable front on the River Delaware. This tract includes much of the land that constitutes and belongs to the valuable fisheries at Howell's cove and which is now held by the heirs at law of the late Col. Joshua Howell.* These lands descended to his son Samuel Carpenter, 2d., whose widow Hannah Carpenter sold them to Samuel Ladd, from whom they descended to his daughter Deborah West, whose daughter Anna married Col. Howell. In 1689 he also bought from William Royden fifty acres of land situated in New Jersey opposite the city of Philadelphia, having a considerable front on the River Delaware, being part of a survey made to the said Royden extending from the Delaware to Cooper's Creek. This tract lies between the lands of William Cooper on the north and of John Kaighn on the south and includes a large part of the central portion of the city of Camden. *Written prior to 1889. [21 17 The Carpenter Family CORRESPONDENCE COPY OF A LETTER FROM FRANCIS DANIEL PASTORIUS TO SAMUEL CARPENTER Recently (1910) a manuscript book was found among the effects of the late Mr. Charles J. Wister, of Germantown, containing copies of some letters by Pastorius, in his own handwriting, written to some of his friends on various subjects, which he evidently thought worth preserving. Among others is a letter from Pastorius to Samuel Carpenter, in which he expresses his views on the systems of charity schools, orphanages, etc., in Europe, as set forth in a book loaned by Carpenter to Pastorius for his perusal. It will be noted that there is no date to the letter, but in it Pastorius speaks of an intimacy with Carpenter which had existed 26 years. As they both came to Philadelphia in 1683, this would make the date of the letter 709. This manuscript book probably came into the possession of the Wister family at an early date, and has remained with them to the present. The following was copied from the original by Mrs. L. Caspar Wister. On the first page of the book is this: Some hasty copies of letters written to good friends, which nevertheless in their transcripts are much mended, and so agreeing with these only in substance. Many others I wrote to my old acquaintances in Germany, England, etc., and kept no copies at all, but the few subsequent ones I thought fit to leave unto my two sons J. S. P and H. P. [John Samuel and Henry.] To Samuel Carpenter Loving and Respected friend I cant but acknowledge myself highly indebted to thee, on divers accts, so more especially for thy generosity in communicating many a good book to my perusal; and having returned the most of the former with either a couple of sorry rimes scribbled on any vacant page thereof, or small letter (like this) besides. I now at present, sending hereby back "the historical relation of the Charity School and Orphan House etc at Glaucha Hall in Saxony" thought it my duty to accompany the same with these few lines, thereby to forward the continuation of this thy favor against the instant long winter nights, if the Lord be pleased to spare life and health. If I do not here, subjoin so large thanks as are suitable to the merit of the treatise, it is, because I know that thou doest not look for a deal of grateful expression, but art obliging thy friend freely in lending and expecting naught for it. However could I but find time to run over my own itinerary, I might, me thinks make some requital not altogether disagreeable; first, I could tell thee of many brave and princely Charity Schools, I have seen in the world ex. that near Naumburg, at Heilsbron, at Frankfort, etc. Item. The several excellent Orphan Houses ex. at Amsterdam one for either sex, where at that time, have been good and fatherless children. Item. The many Hospitals as well for sick as for poor ex. that of the Saint Louis, in one of the Suburbs of Paris where 1000 persons, very conveniently may be lodged; it has an apothecary shop like that at Glaucha, and perhaps more richly stuffed. Another at Ryssel (which City cost ours very dear) founded by Count Balonin in which are indigent and diseased from the whole country, to be fetched on a mule with silver shoes, always kept to this purpose. Item. For Maimed Soldiers decrepit seamen etc at Paris aforesaid. At En Rhuissen, where Sir William Temple gave an alms to one, whom afterwards he celebrates as the only rich man he saw, in all his life. 18 The Carpenter family Secondly. I doubtless could find one or other instances of such Sacred buildings, which by miraculous means were -begun and finished ex. that of St. Sophia at Constantinople, which the mighty Emperor Constantinus could never have completed, had he not by an unexampled Providence found the greatest treasure imaginable etc. However after a considerate perusal of thy above mentioned book I confess, the erecting of the Charity Schools and Orphan House at Glaucha, commenced and hitherto continued upon no visible stock of subscription, but merely upon the admirable and adorable aid of him on whom we are advised to cast our burden and to trust, job 39-14, is extremely remarkable, and a token or sign for us of lesser faith, but seeing this is a gift of God we ought earnestly to pray for. I mean while it would be well, those several plausible essays of John Bellar, about the poor, manufactures, the trade, plantations and immorality, printed in 4 , 1699, as also (where) Thomas Tryon proposed to the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen of the City of London for the building of twenty free schools in the poor parishes, etc. Item. How they might weekly raise at least 1900 pounds, for the support of the needy, and no body be the worse for it, if it were proportionately put in execution here. Yet if all these good counsels be disregarded, as too far fetched from beyond the sea, but the advice of our once beloved friend Thomas Butt, in his good order established in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, printed in 4 th 1684, have place amongst us. Or, finally in case this likewise be rejected, as the product of a whimsical brain, pray then, let the laws and acts of this Province be obeyed; for that public schools are of absolute necessity, to have the children of the poor taught, as well as those of the rich. Thou, thyself art most sensible, otherwise thou wouldst not have taken that care about your Philadelphia seven years school, wherein I was concerned as pedagogue, as thou hast done. To speak true, without flattery which would be madness itself between us, who intimately have been acquainted about 26 years, from the very infancy of this Province. Thou approvedst thyself unto Philadelphia what that faithful Centurion (Luke 7) was to the Jews of Capernaum, in building a school house, etc. But to pass by all whats past, schools Orphans trophies and Bridewells are still wanting in Pennsylvania, and it lies at the door of you Commonwealth men to erect and establish as many as you can. I who as yet go twice to school every day (the last of the week only excepted) like that old Ludi Magister at Minden, whom a scoffing gentleman asked whither he was going, and upon his answer, to school, replied, Sir. You must needs be a dull and blockish devil, that you go yet thither; for I went only to that tedious place of whipping and weeping, till eleven years old, etc. Can contribute no more to your endeavors than mine earnest prayer for the speedy success thereof, Wherewith I ever remain, etc., DANIEL PASTORIUS. NOTE. - Francis Daniel Pastorius was an early colonist in Pennsylvania. He was born September 26, 1651, in Sommerhausen Frankenland, Germany, the son of Melchier Adam Pastorius, a judge in Windsheim. In 1668 he entered the University of Altorf. Studied law at Strasburg, Basle, and Jena, and at Ratisbon international polity. November 23, 1676,,he received the degree of Doctor of Laws at Nuremburg, and was well versed in the classical and modern languages. Pastorius formed the acquaintance of William Penn, and was much interested in the Quaker doctrines. His associates organized the Frankfort Land Company, purchased 25,000 acres, and engaged Pastorius to act as agent and conduct a colony of Dutch and German Mennonites and Quakers to Pennsylvania. Pastorius sailed in the ship "America," and arrived in Philadelphia June 20, 1683, where he had to live at first in a cave on the river bank. The lands were located, and, on October 24, he laid out the town of Germantown on a strip between the Delaware and Schuylkill. November 26, 1686, he married Anneke, daughter of Dr. Johann Klosterman, of Muhlheim and had two sons, -- I, John Samuel, born 1690, 2, Henry, born 1692. He was the first bailiff of the town and a man of influence among the colonists. In 1687 he was elected a member of the Assembly. For many years he taught school in Germantown and Philadelphia. He was a 19 The Carpenter Family afluent writer, published some works and left many unpublished manuscripts behind him. He remained a Lutheran until about 1692, and then joined the Quakers, and became one of their most able and devoted members. He died in Germantown September 27, 1719, but no stone marks his grave and it is not known where he is buried. -Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography; Dictionary of National Biography. The following is a copy of a letter from Samuel Carpenter to Jonathan Dickinson, dated "Philadelphia, 4th Of 5th Mo., 1698." Kind Friend Jonathan Dickenson Enclosed is my brother Abrm. Carpenter's bill on Richard Willotts for (Pounds) 81.9.9. York money which I desire thee to receive for me and bring it with thee in weighty money which I think is to most advantage here. If thou hast occasion to use it thou may, and pay me here accordingly. I send by thee R. Willotts [indistinct] test any misunderstanding should be in the sum which I desire thee bring back with thee. If he insists upon coin for paying the money and will have it, allow him the custom of the place, which I suppose is two or two and a half per ct. So wishing thee a good journey and a safe return to thy family, I remain, Thy friend SAMUEL CARPENTER. P.S. I owe Thomas Wareharn for - the sum I know not, pray pay him and if he be in the least dissatisfied pay him interest, for I never intended he should be so long cut of his money, but it has been omitted through forgetfulness. He is my friend and Countryman and I would not yt he should be displeased with me about it. My kind respects to him. The following letter was written by Samuel Carpenter to William Penn: Philadelphia, 10th Of 3d Mo., 1702. Dear friend and Governor William Penn. I have written hardly any letters to England since thou went or very few, and therefore hope to be excused for not writing to thyself. We have received but one general letter from thee by Guy and a few lines for myself under cover for Edman. I am truly glad of thy safe arrival with thy dear wife and children, etc. and of thy recovery after thy illness and hope that the Lord will preserve thee for a further service to his truth and people and thy poor country and thy own family, and that thy enemies that seek thy and our hurt, if not ruined may be frustrated, and that God will give thee favour in the eyes and hearts of those that would drive back thy and truth's adversaries, who seek our ruin to gratify their ambition covetousness and enmity, which are the grounds of their evil designs, which they endeavor to effect and carry on by means of lies, false accusations, insinuations and wrong construction, and a wresting of whatever is done or said, to the utmost of their power and interests. I have often thought that their ambition of Government, enmity of truth and Friends and the advantage that some of them hope to reap by the Spoil with the encouragements and assistance they get from truths abroad hath and will so prompt and animate them that they will never rest until they have effected their desired end, by which means they have and do put thee to a great charge and trouble to defend thy Government from their present complaints. Thou being so sensible thereof by dear experience know the better what is fitted to be done in such a case, whether it be best to hold the Government or to give it up to the King upon the good terms of liberty and privileges to thyself and people, and property secured. Thy trouble and charge of managing this business in the defence of the Government and of our rights and liberties will doubtless be great and for my part I am willing to contribute towards the charge of it; but it is so difficult to get effects from home thither (England) and I have not any there but am in debt, otherwise, I would willingly pay some money in London towards it. And if I had so much Credit with my friends in 20 The Carpenter Family London that would pay thee (Pounds) 500 Sterling I would pay the same there with interest and would receive the same here of thy Receiver General. I have therefore writ a few lines accordingly and sealed and delivered the same for the use intended in the presence of William Marrott Jr. and John Satcholl desiring it may take effect. So to thy business here and concerns of Government I refer thee to James Logan who is intelligent and able to inform thee, only I would acquaint thee that I understand thy title to the River Delaware and soil thereof above and below New Castle is questioned by some here and that something to that effect has been written to their agent in England, so that if need be it is well to watch their motions to secure thyself as thou can. If so, not only the Island but our Buildings and authority to build into the River are liable to be questioned, tho' I do not fear as to what I have of thee. I fear John Guest is not so honest as to pay a penny of Westown's debt, although out of the effects of William Welsh he has received 9300 more, and therefore Matthew and John Westown must send the Bonds that he may be sued. Dr. Edward Pennington was taken away one of the first by the small-pox in this town; since which it has spread in town and Country on both sides of the River, through mercy not hitherto mortal. But I have lost my dear Abraham after he had been ill fourteen days, which has been some trouble to us to part with him; but it was made more easy than I expected, considering his state of innocency and the troubles and many sorrows and afflictions both of mind and body that we pass through here. Phineas Pemberton died the first of First Month last (19th March) and will be greatly missed, having left few or none in these parts or those adjacent, like him for wisdom and integrity and general service, and he was a true friend to thee and Government. It is a matter of sorrow when I call to mind and consider that the best of our men are taken away. How many are gone and how few remain to supply their place. The vessel has fallen down the River and John Satcholl the bearer hereof follows in a few hours and I have several letters yet to write. So that I must break off, and conclude with love and respects to thee thy wife and children. Thy real friend SAMUEL CARPENTER. Extract from a letter written by James Logan to William Penn, dated "Philadelphia 2nd Sep: 1703." I know not whether Samuel Carpenter writes to thee by this opportunity He has been much depressed of late in his Spirits about his circumstances which are heavy for he pays no less than -- per annum interest, as I judge from his own information. He has been very plain with me, though with but few others. He begs us take some measures to answer his draft on Joshua Grove for he thinks he cannot himself do it. The great damp on trade and the sale of land discourages him. Of the first he had very little this year. The under taking in Bucks has oppressed him much. In another letter to the same he writes as follows: Samuel Carpenter finally recovered . . . has sold the house thou lividest in, to William Trent for E85o and the Coffee house to Captain Finney for (Pounds) 450, towards paying off his debts and so designs to continue to the last foot he has in the Province if nothing less will do. By these two he affirms he has lost about (Pounds) 500. The following is a copy of a letter from Samuel Carpenter to Jonathan Pickinson, the latter at that time residing at Kingston in the island of Jamaica. The original was given to John Redman Carpenter by Mrs. Deborah Logan. 21 The Carpenter Family Philadelphia, 31 Decem: 1705. Dear Friend: I understand by Isaac Norris that thou art inclined to purchase something in this Province for thy children. It being my lot to lay out myself much in this country, so that upon the falling off of trade, losses and disappointments many ways, I have of late used my endeavors to sell what I can, to pay off my debts and if it please God to spare my life, to disencumber myself what I can before I die, which is and has been very burdensome to me, so that although I am possessed of considerable estate, I am very uneasy and look upon myself as very unhappy, and worse than those that are out of debt although mean or having but little of this worlds goods. My exercise and trouble is greater in that I find it a difficult matter to sell though to a loss, here being but few able to buy. Whereas, if I had-such an estate in other countries, I might soon sell to pay off my debts and have enough to spare. The occasion of this is to make thee an offer of somethings I have, viz. A parcel of Corn Mills and Saw Mills at Bristol, over against Burlington, within a quarter of a mile from the River Delaware upon a Creek where a vessel of good burthen may come to the tail of the Mill to load and unload. There is at present two wheels and four pairs of cutting stones, and I intend another wheel and one or two more pairs of stones. The Corn and Saw Mills on the same are nearly built and the other Corn Mills newly repaired. The Saw Mill is thirty two feet broad and seventy feet long and stands on a bank somewhat like that of Philadelphia. When the water is at its height, it is about eight or nine feet full, which is between thirteen or fourteen in all to speak in compass. When passed through the Saw Mill, it comes to the Corn Mill an, under shot which grinds very well, so that we readily grind and saw with the same water-We have two cranks upon the shaft of the Saw Mill Wheel and two carriages and can cut with one Saw about seven or eight hundred feet of inch boards and more, sometimes when the water is high, timber good and well followed, viz, one thousand or more. With two Saws she will cut twelve or fifteen hundred feet a day, or in twelve hours or somewhat less. There is belonging to these Mills a pretty supply of water and a constant supply to the Corn Mills at the latter end of Summer. Last summer and the summer and winter before we wanted water all the latter end of the summer, but now we have and are likely to have enough for the Corn Mills. We have a large pond coveting two or three hundred acres of ground which is a great benefit to the Mills. Hitherto we have not had full experience of what quantity of water we had yearly for the Saw Mills but suppose we may have enough to saw Six months in the year at least, it may be eight Months or more in which we may saw 150,000 or 200,000 feet as the water may continue. I suppose the profits or earnings from the saw Mill may be E400 per annum and from the Corn Mills, now Corn is low, (Pounds) 250, which is (Pounds) 650 out of which take one third for tending X220 and L30 for charges, beside, their remains (Pounds) 400, the interest of (Pounds) 5000. Besides which I have a considerable of lands and town lots adjacent and two Islands the whole being about 2000 acres. 350 acres of which may be made meadow. At present there may be twenty or thirty acres beside considerable improvements. A considerable quantity may be watered from the pond and will make good meadow, being below the water to the quantity of fifty or one hundred acres. There is a considerable quantity of white oak timber upon part of the land to accommodate the Saw Mill for which I bought the lands on which it stands and though most of it is three miles from the Mills it; may with a reasonable charge by making another pond be floated down two and a half miles through the ponds to the Mills at a small charge for land carriage. I cannot give an account of the quantity, but I have not met a finer parcel in my travels, and may moderately compute it to make several thousand pounds when cut into ships planks and scantlings. The Mills lie well for both Oak and Pine to be floated to the trail of them, both up and down the river. So that there is no danger but that timber may be had in time to come to employ the Mills. Hitherto I have cut no timber, but had it from Timber Creek New Jersey of my own lands. Pine timber I mean and Oak from my land adjacent to the Mills, but doubt-less it may be bought for the Saw Mill as well as to supply Philadelphia with great quantities as has been and is now the case more than ever. 22 The Carpenter Family The next material conveniency to the Mill, is that it stands in a town and is but one and one quarter miles from Burlington and about twenty miles from Philadelphia and the Corn Mills well customed. The said town and country adjacent and Philadelphia, will take the boards and scantling for housework, ships and joiners. We sold one inch cords at the Mill at 8d per hundred at which rate we have 4.s. per hundred for cutting. I believe that if thou wast here thou would like it as well as any thou may find in the country. For good Mills of both sorts with land and meadow situations and all things considered there is riot the like in these parts. The Islands front about one and a half miles on the river and lie so that we have off one and off the other and may have a convenient road, and may in a short time raise considerable stock and cattle and sheep thereon. There are three or four houses and orchards thereto belonging for tenaments which will bring some yearly profit. There are also town lots and lands of considerable value, and very little land in and about the town (Bristol), but mine which is in and near the town is valuable and likely to be more so. Lots have been sold there some at (Pounds) 100 and some at about two hundred pounds the acre. And as for meadow there is none except what I have, so what can be spared may be readily sold at good rates. Because I am, as I said before, much in debt I would sell the whole or one half as thou pleasest. I believe it stands me in about (Pounds) 5000 being beside the yearly income of the Mills a &owing estate, with respect to the lands and town lots improvements of meadows, but being under necessity I would sell to loss rather than miss so good a chapman and partner as thyself. I desire thee consider of it and if thou Hast any intention thou may write to some friends to view and learn the value of these things which I think may be understood without much difficulty. The largest of the above Islands is about a mile in length and half a mile in breadth. I suppose that it may contain three hundred acres of which there is near one hundred acres of upland; the rest is swamp and cripple that high tides flow over, and may with a moderate charge be made dry and become good meadow. I have thought of stopping a Creek that I suppose will lay dry one hundred acres of it. There is a fine Mulberry walk and Orchard and a tenement upon it. A very pleasant place, just against the High Street of Burlington and hardly half a mile over the River. I am willing to sell that one half with the rest or without. I have also about 5000 acres of land fourteen or fifteen miles from Philadelphia and the like distance from Bristol, and eleven or twelve miles from the River Delaware at Poquessin Creek-about four miles from North Wales as much from Southampton, and settlements near. The land is good and well situated which should sell also; or I would sell my house and granary on the wharf where I lived last, and the wharf and ware houses adjacent. Also the Globe Tavern and Long Vault, and several other lands. I have two fifteenths Of 5000 acres of land and the mine that was called Pickering's Mine which I will sell also - I have sold Elsinborough to Esther Moore, since deceased, and my house and lot over against D. Lloyds to William Trent, and the Scales to Henry Bubcock and some other things, and the Coffee house to Captain Finley. My half of Darby Mills I have sold to John Bethel and his son Henry Morley, and to Caleb Pusey one half of Chester Mills. I shall not trouble thee any further with these things, and conclude with mine and my wife's love to thee and them Thy real friend, SAMUEL CARPENTER. In a subsequent letter to Jonathan Dickinson, dated 3d of 10th Month, 17o6, Samuel Carpenter mentions that he had sold four acres of land in Bristol to the Society of Friends for a meeting-house and burial-ground, and that he had granted to the county of Bucks 100 feet square for a courthouse agreeable to Act of Assembly. The house which Samuel Carpenter mentions as sold to William Trent, was the ancient building (built about 1698) that formerly stood at the south 23 The Carpenter Family east comer of Second Street and Norris Alley (now Gothic Street). I copy the following description of this house from the manuscript of J. R. Carpenter (1828). It has always been known as the Slate House, from the circumstance of the roof having been covered with slate long before any other building in the infant city of Philadelphia had a similar covering. Its dimensions are about forty-five feet front by fifty-five feet deep. It is of brick, two stories in height, with large projecting eaves and a square turret at each of the front corners; these were subsequently concealed by a wooden front which had been placed between them so as to enlarge the interior of the buitding by filling up the recess which they formed. Within, but few alterations have been made and these do not conceal the original arrangement of the apartments. In the centre of the front may still be seen the Gothic arched door-way, opening into a narrow entry which is rendered curious by heavy old-fashioned wainscoting and which communicates with the principal rooms below stairs. From these you pass into the smaller rooms within the turrets, which were perhaps intended for offices or studies. It is not many years since the diamond-shaped sash still remained in some of the windows; at present, however, they are all of modern construction. What renders the original appearance worthy of some attention is the fact that James Logan in one of his letters to Penn speaks of it as the choicest house for a Governor in the Province of Pennsylvania, and strongly urges him to purchase it for that purpose. It was occupied by William Penn as his residence during the whole of his last visit to Philadelphia, excepting about one month immediately after his arrival, which he passed with his friend Edward Shippen, and in it his eldest son John Penn was born. Samuel Carpenter sold this house at a considerable loss for (Pounds) 800 to William Trent, the founder of the city of Trenton, New Jersey, who in 1709 offered it for sale asking (Pounds) 900 for it, still deemed the cheapest house in the city. From William Trent it passed to Isaac Norris, and is now (1828) the property of his descendant Sarah Norris Dickinson, daughter of the celebrated Governor Dickinson. In the year 1764, and for some years subsequently, this building was occupied as a boarding-house by the mother of Alexander Graydon, author of a work called "Memoirs of a Life Chiefly Spent in Pennsylvania." He describes the house and some of its inmates, it being then the most genteel establishment of the kind in Philadelphia. It was occupied by officers of the Forty-second Regiment, as also by those of the Royal Irish. Baron deKalb, a German officer in the United States army who fell a major-general at the battle of Camden, and Sir William Draper, the antagonist of the celebrated Junius, with other distinguished gentlemen of that period, are mentioned as having their lodgings there. General Forbes died there. "The Annals of Philadelphia," by John F. Watson, contains some additional particulars relating to this ancient edifice, together with a plate exhibiting its original appearance. It was allowed to remain in the same condition until 1867, when it was taken down and the present Chamber of Commerce erected upon the site where it stood. For the coffee house Samuel Carpenter received (Pounds) 450 There is some doubt as to the precise location of this first established Exchange of Philadelphia. 24 The Carpenter Family There is, however, strong traditional reason to believe that it stood on the northeast corner of Front and Walnut Streets. John R. Carpenter says, "the venerable Samuel Coates assured me that he was so told by his predecessors. " The opinion is strengthened by the fact that the ground upon which it stood was once owned by Samuel Carpenter, whose lot extended from the Delaware all the way through to Second Street and from Walnut Street to Norris Alley as before stated. On the west side of Front Street within those limits a row of houses was still standing in 1828 which was erected by him. The long vault was probably a store-house formed by excavating the river bank before William Penn permitted any houses to be built upon that portion of the city plot, viz., between the east side of Front Street and the west side of Water Street. Samuel Carpenter owned lots upon Market Street. The three-storied building that formerly stood at the southeast corner of Front and Market Streets -was erected by him. He gave to the Society of Friends the ground near Second Street on which the old Market Street Meeting House stood. The Darby Mills in all probability occupied the same site on Darby Creek on which the Oakford Mills afterwards stood. John F. Watson visited the site of the Chester Mills many years ago, at which time some of the timbers could still be seen in the water. Its machinery was imported from England by Richard Townsend, a distinguished member of the Society of Friends. After him the mill was owned as joint property by William Penn, Samuel Carpenter, and Caleb Pusey. Watson found among the rubbish in the garret of an old house in the vicinity the original vane of the mill. This vane is now in the possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. It is of iron and bears upon it the initials of the owners' names: , C. The following extract is from a letter written by Jonathan Dickinson to Samuel Preston, asking his advice and that of his brother-in-law, Isaac Norris, in relation to the estate near Bristol, Pa., offered by Samuel Carpenter to Jonathan Dickinson in his letter Of 3 Ist Of December, 1705. 25 The Carpenter family Samuel and Rachel Preston. Kingston, Jamaica, Mar. 28, 1706. Dear Samuel in my last to thee I mentioned that our very good friend Samuel Carpenter had proposed in regard to one half of his interest at New Bristol. I cannot doubt his sincerity in the least but in buying and selling the case lays wide on each part. Thy opinion of judgment thereon. What improvements are likely to be added upon a new fund? The value, if thou art pleased to favour me with thy judgment, I shall depend upon as well as thy brothers. If in the multitude of councillors there is safety I must rest upon my friends, I am Thy obliged and affectionate friend JONATHAN DICKINSON. Many of the early Friends whose names are mentioned in the history of Philadelphia, prominent in the society and in the affairs of government in those days, emigrated from the West Indies, whither they had fled to avoid the persecutions to which the ye had been subjected in their own country, as has been before stated. Some of them were men of large means and became the owners of large tracts of land in and adjacent to the city, which by the increase of the population and spread of improvements afterwards became of great value, and secured their descendants in affluence for generations. Jonathan Dickinson, who is mentioned in this correspondence, resided in the island of Jamaica, where he owned large estates. Being of a cautious and prudent temperament, when he decided to emigrate and to take up his residence in Philadelphia, he very naturally became solicitous about a safe and profitable investment for his money. He eventually, though with many misgivings, purchased a large tract in the Northern Liberties, which descended to his daughter Hannah, the wife of Thomas Masters, known as the Master Estate. Isaac Norris, in the following letter, gives his opinion of the Bristol property and the proposed purchase of one-half interest in it, viz.: Philadelphia the 3d June 17o6. Dear Friend Jonathan Dickinson. In thine of the 15th thou hints somewhat of having written Bro. Preston and self for our advice or opinion concerning Samuel Carpenter's Mills and other Conveniences near Bristol; but that letter never came to hand. It is a thing of considerable importance. You are both my good friends, and if my judgment which is not of the best in this kind of things should fail, I am in danger of Scylla and Charybidis. Thus much I venture to say: Tis well designed-There is foundation and prospect of a growing and noble estate unless any contrary Providence should intervene and tho' there is to keep up and erect improvements a necessity of constant outlay, yet there is some constant income from it; but on the other hand it must be in good hands as to will, skill and ability or it may sink. A man yt has it ought not to want his stock out of it nor too much depend on the immediate advantage. Upon the whole I cannot think the price set on it by him much too large and think Samuel has not near his cost in it, and considering Samuel's circumstances the thing may be at present 26 The Carpenter Family somewhat too heavy for him, and an honest cheerful and able partner may cheer and quicken him so it may carry on the estate with vigor and to good advantage having very good grounds to expect a settled and growing interest if anything in these parts is such. So yt everything considered we cannot think of a fitter partner for Samuel nor can we discourage, but encourage any inclination of thine to purchase it. The price he sets is (Pounds) 2700. I would pursuade him to abate the (pounds) 200 for the sake of so good a partner, but he thinks his abatement too great already. However you are at such a distance that cannot conveniently bill at price and he says that this consideration made him sell at the lowest. He gives thee his estimate. I am thy friend ISAAC NORRIS. To the exerted influence of Samuel Carpenter, Watson, in his Annals of Philadelphia, imputes the change that was made from the original plan of the city as respects the building up of the bank on the east side of Front Street. It is certain that he was the first person that obtained permission from the Proprietor to build upon the river bank. He agreed to pay a high ground-rent for this privilege, with the reversion of one-third the estate in value after the expiration of fifty years. It is said that Penn yielded a reluctant consent and wrote "my necessities and not my will hath done this thing." The following correspondence I insert here, although not in chronological order, on account of its relation to this matter. The first letter is from Hannah Carpenter, daughter of Samuel Preston and widow of Samuel Carpenter the Second. Philadelphia, 12th Mo. 12th 1759. the Proprietors: As my late husband Samuel Carpenter made application to our Proprietors John Penn and Thomas Penn, when they were in this province to acquit him of thirds reserved in that part of his Father's lot which he then and we now possess the Proprietors were then so kind as to promise him that they would willingly grant the thirds in such manner as should be most agreeable to us. Which the Proprietary Thomas Penn was so kind as to repeat to my father Samuel Preston, and told him that he had directed the Secretary to minute the order for the grant to be made in such manner as to suit best from which we apprehended that we could have it done by applying to him. My family being then too young to be consulted on such an occasion and other delays arising from the manner of conveyancing, it was left unfinished. My Husband and Father since dicing nothing has been done to this day and on applying to the Secretary he says that he does not remember to have received orders from the Proprietary to do it. As I have no doubt of the Proprietary's readiness to confirm their said promise, and as I presume their intention was to grant the thirds in such manner as should best suit the circumstances of the case, I have now, my family being grown up, consulted them and they have agreed to an Instrument, a Copy of which I take the liberty to enclose, and which if the Proprietaries should approve and should be pleased to order to be executed or otherwise to give directions for confirmation of such grant which they were so generous to offer us, it will confer a lasting favor upon their thankful friend. HANNAH CARPENTER. 27 The Carpenter family The following is an extract from a letter written by James Logan to Thomas Penn, dated Philadelphia, July 30, 1741. Yesterday Joseph Wharton calling here requested of me that I would certify to thee what I knew of his wife's Grandfathers' (Samuel Carpenter) merits towards thy father, and whether he had received any gratification for his services. Though I had for some considerable time past resolved by no means to meddle in any of the Proprietaries business (those of the six nations of Indians alone excepted) yet I justly conceived so honorable an esteem for that worthy good man during his life, and for his memory after his death (though not well used by his successors) that I should think it highly unjust in me who know full as much of that matter I believe as any man living to deny so reasonable a request. I must remark that thy Father himself acknowledged when here that he owed those high (Ground Rents) quit rents for the Bank lots of Philadelphia and the reversion of the thirds of the value after fifty years entirely to Samuel Carpenter who against his the Proprietaries will had tempted him with these to suffer himself and the other purchasers in the Front to build on the East side of that Street. And I think I may confidently aver that Samuel Carpenter never since I came into the Country received directly or indirectly any consideration whatever from thy Father, and I believe as little before for any manner of service; for he appeared in flourishing circumstances when thy Father left the Country last subscribing with Jonathan Dickinson to that petition - "To have a price set on the reversion of said thirds which was done at twenty shillings per foot; now nearly forty years ago, very much in view to raise a sum then very much needed." But alas! by a war which was declared, the ensuing Spring, and by the bolting being carried generally into the Country to the Grist Mills which then first began that year to be generally built in all parts - though before that time there were not above one or two at the most at more than three or four miles from the Delaware River and all these on navigable waters. By these means I say the profitable trade which he car ' carried on before almost entirely failed and his debts coming upon him and the Mills and other estate sinking in value so that he could by no means clear himself, and from the wealthiest men in the province as he was accounted to be when thy Father left he became very much reduced, and all of his bonds are not discharged until this day. To the above, Thomas Penn wrote in reply to Hannah Carpenter as follows, dated London, May 27, 1760. Madam: I wrote to Mr. Peters intending to send it by the last Packet to inform you I had received your letter and should answer it to yourself at the next opportunity, that I very well remember the promise made to your husband and father, and therefore we should perform it by releasing to you the thirds of your portion of the lot of Samuel Carpenter in such a manner as we should be advised was safe to us from any further demands of the family. I have added in the draft the real consideration for which it was granted, viz. the services done by your father in law to my father, my very good and worthy friend both to him and to us. I have directed Mr. Peters to finish this business as soon as possible and desire you will be assured I have great pleasure in settling it out of regards to the good friends of my family as well as to yourself being with great truth-Your affectionate friend, Thos. PENN. Among the papers of the family there has been found a copy of a letter undoubtedly in answer to the last. It is without signature, but must have been written by the Hannah Carpenter mentioned in the correspondence. 28 The Carpenter Family Philadelphia 21St 3d Mo. 1761. May it please the Proprietors. I was favored some months since with your obliging letter of the' Fifth Month last, acquainting me with your kind intention of releasing to myself and children your thirds of the part I now hold of my deceased husband's lot, in consideration of his and my own father's. services to our late worthy Proprietor and yourselves, which intention pursuant to instructions for that purpose to the Governor hath been executed in the most authentic manner by a proper instrument under the Provincial Seal. I have therefore no motives for giving the Proprietors this further trouble but those arising from a due sense of the favours received, for which I beg leave on my own and in behalf of others concerned to return the most sincere and respectful acknowledgments. Their most obliged and affectionate friend. To the Proprietaries. The Government of William Penn and his Deputies, as is well known, sustained for many years a violent and able opposition from a numerous party in the Provincial Assembly. The men who composed the Governor's Council were often therefore placed in opposition to the representatives of the people who claimed a more democratic form of government than the executive thought proper to allow. The following extract from the address of the Council to LieutenantGovernor Gookin in 1709, in reply to certain reflections and insinuations made against them in the address of the Assembly, exhibits a spirit becoming their official station and character. Notwithstanding the Proprietor and Lieut. Governor finding themselves under a necessity of having a Council about them to advise with in affairs of Government have thought fit to choose us for that service, in which according to our several solemn engagements we have acquitted ourselves to the best of our judgments and ability, yet not one of us receives or expects any other advantage by it than the satisfaction of having discharged our duties to the Country we live in, and to advance the prosperity and happiness of it as much as may be in our power. We have no salaries or allowances to encourage us. What we do is at our expense of time, trouble and charge and upon the whole of our own estates is our dependence which giving us as full an interest as others can pretend to in the Country, and being without any views of interest different from the good of the whole, no man without a manifest violence to his reason can imagine but that we are as careful to prevent and divert miseries, confusions and diversions that may threaten the Province as any other set of men whatever. Upon the whole may it please the Governor, though on the one hand we shall be exceedingly unwilling to have any misunderstanding with the representatives of the people knowing it an unhappiness that all reasonable measures should be taken to prevent, yet on the other we shall not by any means be diverted from discharging the trust imposed upon us during our continuance in this station with honor and justice to the best of our abilities; but from time to time shall offer to the Governor such advise as we shall judge both conducive to the general good of the Provincein the welfare of which we are so nearly concerned in our several private interests and in the mean, time hope to be secured from calumny and misrepresentations. Signed by I. Yates, R. Hill, Joseph Growden, Edward Shippen, Samuel Carpenter, Samuel Finney, William Trent. James Logan takes exception to the clause which relates to offices of profit, as he received a salary as Secretary of the Commonwealth. 29 The Carpenter Family A TRANSACTION BETWEEN JAMES LOGAN AND SAMUEL CARPENTER. Agreement between James Logan of Philadelphia and Samuel Carpenter merchant. Whereas James Logan of Philada\ hath this day sold unto Samuel Carpenter merchant One Half of his shares parts or interest in the Ship " Diligence " of this place Bartholemew Penrose Master now on Cateby Riding in Virginia and bound for London, as also one half of his shares or parts of what Tobacco they have on board on the Owner's account, being in the whole, by estimation about 80 or go hhds., as by a memorial thereof under the hand and seal of the said James Logan may more fully appear. Now this writing witnesseth, and it is agreed by and between the said James Logan and the said Samuel Carpenter, that whether the said Ship and Cargo be or shall be damaged or lost or not damaged or lost at writing hereof (the said James Logan at the same time declaring that he knows nothing directly or indirectly but that the said Ship and Cargo was and are well and free from all damage). The said Carpenter has bought of the said James Logan and takes to the same as it now is all his the said James Logan's one half of the Interest that he hath in the said Ship and Cargo, and to run all risks thereof and to one half of the profits accordingly, and the losses thereof, as if the said Carpenter had been originally concerned in building and carrying on the said Ship, and in purchasing the said Tobacco, in consideration whereof the said Carpenter obliges himself, his heirs, executors and administrators to pay to the said James Logan parts or shares of the said Ship and Cargo as the accounts shall be settled and adjusted between him and the rest of the owners thereof, and further, the said Samuel Carpenter obliges himself, as about to pay interest thereon from this date, but if the said Ship should be lost, James Logan doth freely acquit and discharge the Interest to the time of advised of her being lost. For the true performance of the Premises on the part of the said Samuel Carpenter, he hath hereunto put his hand and seal, the 12th day of the 1st Mo. 1707-8 (Signed) SAMUEL CARPENTER. Witnesses: Wm. Fishbourn, Hannah Carpenter. NOTE.-The original paper is in the possession of Miss Susan M. Carpenter, of Camden, N.J. The name of Wm. Fish bourn, in his signature as a witness, is spelled without the" e. The negotiations with Jonathan Dickinson were not consummated. Samuel Carpenter retired from trade and concentrated his attention chiefly upon his Bristol estate. He had a summer residence upon the island opposite the town of Bristol. The house he inhabited there was standing a few years prior to 1828. A bakery that belonged to him was then still to be seen in the town of Bristol, He was a zealous member of the Society of Friends, and, although he became much reduced in his circumstances in the latter years of his life, his integrity was never questioned. The name of Samuel Carpenter occurs frequently in Proud's History of Pennsylvania, to wit, among others the following: Samuel Carpenter and four others member of Council wrote a letter to the Proprietaries exculpating Thomas Lloyd, Deputy Governor, from some blame (i, 358). Samuel Carpenter and eight others wrote a letter to William Penn, dated November 10, 1693, concerning affairs of 30 The Carpenter Family Government (i, 382). Samuel Carpenter, Samuel Preston, and eight others sign a remonstrance to Governor Fletcher (i, 359). William Penn writes to Samuel Carpenter and others concerning the restoration of the government of the Province, in a letter dated 1 0th of 1 1 th Month-, 16 93 (i, 401). Samuel Carpenter with five others join in approving the Charter of Privileges from William Penn, October 25, 1701. Samuel Carpenter a member of the Assembly from Bucks County, 1705 (i, 462). Samuel Carpenter with four others appointed trustees of the mortgage when the Province was mortgaged by William Penn. In 1707 the Assembly bring a charge against Samuel Carpenter for refusing to pay monthly, agreeable to their order, Samuel Carpenter being Treasurer of the Province; vindicated by the Governor as acting according to law (ii, 10 and further). A memorial signed by Samuel Carpenter and eight others, members of Council, was presented to Council, dated April 8, 1709, vindicating themselves from the charge of giving evil counsel to a former Governor (Evans) as charged by the Assembly, and distinguish what they meant when they said, "The late Governor was too much influenced by evil counsel," by expressly throwing the blame upon James Logan and some others not of the Governor's Council (ii, 12). In 1709 the Assembly consulted Samuel Carpenter and other Quaker members of Council on the Governor's requisition for aid in taking Newfoundland. The quota required was one hundred and fifty men, and four thousand pounds. The Assembly, on advice, refused to answer the requisition, but offer a present of five hundred pounds to the Queen (ii, 25). EXTRACTS FROM PENN AND LOGAN CORRESPONDENCE. Logan to Penn (vol. i, P. 301). "But the risk is great through the great number of Martinico privateers. They have this war taken over 150 sail of English, four of ours. Another large sloop belonging to Isaac Norris, Samuel Carpenter etc. The last stick that Samuel was concerned in at sea was taken on her return hither by a large privateer of St. Maloes coming from the Havanna called "the Duke of Orleans" and being bought again for (Pounds) 800 sterling, came a few days ago into Maryland. Capt. Puckle is we believe lost, the vessels that came out in company' being arrived in Boston and Maryland some weeks ago." . . . Logan to Penn (vol. ii, p. 140) . . . "The three ablest that I know of my acquaintance are Samuel Carpenter, Isaac Norris and Richard Hill. The first says, tis a pity, but if thou hold'st it, thou'll be ruined. The 31 The Carpenter Family second is wholly a trader, and will not advise on the matter, the latter heartily wishes that other means could be found to discharge thy incurnbrances." Logan to Penn (vol. ii, p. 15 6). 1 have discoursed very seriously with Samuel Carpenter, whose judgment I take to be the best of any man in the Province, and the sum of what he says, besides what I have mentioned already is, that for him or any other man in his place, to advise thee to part with the Government, would be exceedingly dangerous for the person that did so, were it known. But, were he to whisper in thy ear, he would tell thee his thoughts more fully, which in short, are if thou can get anything for it from the Crown, and good terms for the people with it, tis the only thing advisable at this juncture, for this Province cannot now raise anything, they have it not, nor do I believe there is so much money, as thou mentions, in the whole Government. " . . . Penn to Logan (vol. i, p. 17 0 - Speaking of his son, who was then preparing to embark for Philadelphia, he says: " If Samuel Carpenter, Richard Hill or Isaac Norris could gain his confidence . . . I should rejoice. Pennsylvania has cost me dearer, in my poor child than all other considerations." Samuel Carpenter died at the house of his son-in-law William Fishbourn, at Sepviva Plantation, in the County of Philadelphia, on the tenth of the Second Month (April), 1714, greatly beloved and lamented. In a letter to William Penn dated 2 d Mo. 1 1 th, 17 14, James Logan says, "We have now lost our dear friend Samuel Carpenter, he departed last night about 1 1 at his daughter Fishbourne's where he lodged when taken ill, for he had no dwelling in town, having removed last Fall to Bristol. He lay about twelve days ill of a violent rheumatism and fever in great pain, but just before his departure he took leave of all his friends about him and went quietly away." And further, of his honor, integrity, and high estimation in which he was held ever since his arrival in this country, he adds, "and how much it was due from all men, sufficiently appears by the heavy melancholly that sits on the faces of all here who had a value for sincere honesty and public spirit, upon his lying a dead corpse and to be laid tomorrow in the grave. He was universally esteemed and beloved here. As I always loved him and his generous disposition, so do I find on his exit few more could have left a greater degree of concern on my thoughts. I need say nothing to thee on the loss of such a man, but the sense of it was seen on the faces of hundreds. I am satisfied that his humble and just soul is now at rest. 32 The Carpenter family Thomas Story, a distinguished preacher among the Friends of that day, in a letter to Hannah Fishbourne writes, "That the Lord has gathered my dear friend to himself from all sorrows, troubles and griefs which were many and various. I have no manner of question, nay I may say I am fully satisfied, he has attained the state of the just and is praising his God and our God in Heaven in joy unspeakable which never changeth." From a memorial written by his daughter Hannah Fishbourne I also extract the following tribute to his memory. He was a pattern of humility and self-denial a man fearing God and hating covetousness, much given to hospitality and good works. He was a loving affectionate husband a loving father, a loving and faithful friend and brother. His house and heart were ever open and free to entertain the messengers of God, and he was ever willing to be servicable to truth and friends. He was very ready to help the poor, and such as were in distress, and I doubt not but that he has received a rich reward from the hand of the Lord. His memory is precious among the living and renowned among the just, and though he is dead yet he speaketh and his name shall be remembered among the faithful for generations to come. And although the loss of him be great to us who were nearly related to him, yet we feel the love and presence of him the mighty Lord who in his divine wisdom saw fit to take him to himself out of all sorrow and danger. To the foregoing I will also add the following notice of him from Proud's History of Pennsylvania. Samuel Carpenter arrived early in Pennsylvania and was one of the most considerable traders and settlers. He held for many years some of the greatest offices of the Government, and through a great variety of business he preserved the love and esteem of a large number of acquaintances. His great abilities, activity, and benevolent disposition of mind in divers capacities, but more particularly among his friends the Quakers, are said to have rendered him a very useful member not only of that religious society, but of the community in general. The will of Samuel Carpenter the First, merchant, was signed in Philadelphia, April 6, 17 14 Leaves the mansion he built on King Street (now Water Street), the ten warehouses and the wharf adjoining to his wife Hannah, and his two sons Samuel and John. One half the income therefrom to his wife, and the other half divided between the two sons, under a trust for this purpose to Isaac Norris and Richard Hill. Gives X300 to his daughter Hannah Fishbourne. The residue of his property to be divided into thirds. One third to go to his wife Hannah, and the remaining two thirds to be divided between his three children. Appoints his wife the sole executrix. After her death, his children Samuel Carpenter, John Carpenter, William Fishbourne and Hannah his wife, to be the executors, and his brother Joshua Carpenter, Samuel Preston, Isaac Norris, Richard Hill, and Caleb Pusey of the County of Chester, coadjutors to advise and assist the executrix and executors. 131 33 The Carpenter Family NOTE.-The following offices in the Province of Pennsylvania were held by Samuel Carpenter, Ist. (See Penna. Archives, Second Series, vol. ix.) Member of the Governor's Provincial Council, September 9, 1687-89, 1695, 1697-1713 Provincial Treasurer (first Treasurer), June 4, 1704, 1710-1711-1713. Deputy for Governor (William Penn), November 24, 1694, September 3, 1698. Member of Assembly, 1693, 1694, 1696. Member of Assembly (for Bucks County), 1705. Samuel Carpenter and four others appointed trustees of the mortgage when the Province was mortgaged by William Penn. NOTE.- Calendar of the Society of Friends.-Soon after the arrival of William Penn the following law was enacted in Pennsylvania. "Past at an Assembly held at Chester, the 7th day of ye 10th Month called December, 1682. "SECTION 35. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid that the dayes of the week, and ye months of the year, shall be called as in Scripture, and not by heathen names, (as are vulgarly used) as the first, second and third days of ye week, and first, second and third Months of ye year, and beginning with ye day called Sunday, and ye month called March." On account of the change from Old to New Style and the action of Parliament thereon, in the minutes of the Yearly Meeting held at Philadelphia, Pa., for Pennsylvania and New Jersey, from the 14th to the 18th day of Seventh Month, 1751, it was decided that thereafter the method of computing time among Friends should be changed. January to be called the First Month of the year, instead of computing from the month called March, to commence January 1, 1752. Eleven days were to be omitted in September,* 1752.-From the article by Spencer Bonsall in the. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. THE BROTHERS AND SISTERS OF SAMUEL CARPENTER Samuel Carpenter had three brothers, John, Abraham, and Joshua, and three sisters, Damaris, Deborah', and Mary, of whom, I. JOHN CARPENTER (brother of Samuel) remained in Horsham, Sussex Co., England, and left issue. II. ABRAHAM CARPENTER (brother of Samuel) emigrated to Philadelphia and died there without children. He was buried in the old Friends' Burial Ground April 10, 1708, although not a member of the Society of Friends. His wife died about Third Month, 1705 See letter of Isaac Norris to Jonathan. Dickinson, Third Month, 11, 1705: "Abraham Carpenter buried his wife in about 24 hours of like distemper." He was a merchant, and the following is an abstract of his will. The will of Abraham Carpenter, of the City of Philadelphia, merchant, was signed March 26, I 1708. Proved April 14, 1708. Leaves the house he lived in on King Street (now Water Street), and the lot pertaining' thereto, to his kinsman Thomas Mitchell Cooper, and in case of his death -without issue to John Carpenter, son of his brother Samuel, and, should the building be sold, 950 to be paid to Abraham, son of Annie Acton. The residue of 34 The Carpenter family his houses, land, tenements, personal property, and goods to his brother Samuel Carpenter and his son Samuel: in trust, to pay therefrom all of the legacies hereafter bequeathed. To Elizabeth, daughter of Enoch and Sarah Story, (Pounds) 50. To' Samuel Fishbourne, son of William and Hannah Fishbourne, (Pounds) 50. If he die, to the next surviving child. To his sister Mary -, of Lambeth, England, widow, (Pounds) 50. In case of her death, to be divided among her children. To his sister Damaris, wife of David Hunt, (Pounds) 50. In case of her death, to be divided among her children. The children of his brother John Carpenter, of Horsham, Sussex, England, deceased, (Pounds) 5 each. Cousin Susannah, daughter of John and Ann Welch, of Southwark, 925. The children of his sister Deborah Jupp, deceased, (Pounds) 5 each. The children of his sister Mary, (Pounds) 5 each. The children of his sister Damaris (Pounds) 5 each. To his kinsman Thomas Mitchell, (Pounds) 10, to buy working tools, Cousin Robert Story, (pounds) 25. Cousin Sarah Fishbourne, (Pounds) 25. To Samuel, the son of his brother Joshua Carpenter, (Pounds) 20. To Samuel and John, the sons of his brother Samuel Carpenter, (Pounds) 20 each. Abraham, the son of Annie Acton, to be put to school at the charge of the estate, until he is fit to be bound out as an apprentice, and also gives him (Pounds) 50. Elizabeth Paine, (Pounds) 10. To his brother Joshua Carpenter, moneys due on a bond from Thomas Pryor of Philadelphia, baker. To Mary, the wife of George Fitzwater, (Pounds) 10. Hannah Hardiman, (Pounds) 10. Deborah Hardiman, (Pounds) 10. Sister-in-law Elizabeth, wife of his brother Joshua Carpenter, (Pounds) 50. Sister-in-law Hannah, wife of his brother Samuel Carpenter, (Pounds) 50. The negro woman Hagar to live with Samuel Carpenter, and her son Ishmael to live with her. Gives the boy Ishmael to Samuel Carpenter. Appoints Samuel Carpenter and his son Samuel Carpenter, Jr., executors. Recorded, office Register of Wills, Philadelphia, Book C, page 87. Abraham Carpenter in his will mentions all of his brothers and sisters, and leaves legacies to most of his nephews and nieces. III. JOSHUA CARPENTER (brother of Samuel) also emigrated to this country about 1686, settled in Philadelphia, and became a prosperous and influential citizen. He was justice of the peace for Philadelphia County, May 18, 1693; the first alderman appointed under the charter of 1701. Was one of Penn's Commissioners of Property in 1 708, and represented the City of Philadelphia in the Provincial. Assembly in 1702, 1 1,706 1707, 1708, and 1721. He built and resided in a large house, afterwards called Graeme Hall, which stood on a part of the lot since occupied by the Arcade, on Chestnut Street between Sixth and Seventh Streets (now removed). 35 The Carpenter Family He never joined the Quakers, but retained his connection with the Church of England, and was actively interested in the organization and building of Christ Church, Philadelphia. He purchased the lot on which it stands in his own name, and subsequently executed a declaration that he held it in trust for the sole use and benefit of that corporation, and it so stands unchanged, the legal title remaining in the representative of Joshua Carpenter, trustee. He died in 1722; buried July 24, 1722 (Christ Church Records). His wife died in 1729; buried October 30, 1729 (Christ Church Records). They were interred in the centre of Washington Square. Mrs Susan Shober informed me that she remembered, and had often seen, the iron railing that enclosed the space where the grave was situated. There is a tradition that this place was selected from the circumstance that a daughter of Joshua Carpenter had committed suicide, and was excluded from burial in the church grounds. If this is true, we have no record of the birth, death or name of this member of the family. I have frequently heard it stated by my grandfather Thomas Carpenter, and others, that the lot of ground now constituting Washington Square was at one time in the possession of Samuel Carpenter, who gave it for a free burial place for strangers. It was called the Potter's field, and was used as a common burial ground until after the yellow fever of 1799. Thousands of silent dead sleep beneath the greensward and gravel walks which now adorn it.* The will of Joshua Carpenter, of Philadelphia, brewer, was signed August 7, 1 1720, with a codicil signed July 23, 1722. He leaves all his property, real and personal, to his wife Elizabeth, who is appointed sole executrix. The following legacies are to be paid six months after his wife's decease by her executors: Robert Story, (Pounds) 25 Patience Story, (Pounds) 75 -- the children of his daughter Sarah Story. His son-inlaw Enoch Story, one shilling. His sisters Mary - and Damaris Hunt, near London, in Great Britain, *Washington Square was never owned by Samuel Carpenter. It was one of the squares set out in the original plan for public use and to be reserved for ever. Notwithstanding this, however, on the recommendation of the Mayor and others, William Penn issued a patent January 29, 1706, authorizing its use for burial purposes as a Potter's field. March 30, 1706, Joshua Carpenter leased it for twenty-one years from the corporation, for a small rent, agreeing to fence it. Afterwards it was leased by Jacob Shoemaker, as it afforded good pasturage, and April 14, 1766, jasper Carpenter leased the ground for seven years at an annual rent of (Pounds) 10. Many prisoners who died in the old Walnut Street jail during the Revolution were buried in the square opposite, and hundreds who died of yellow fever in the epidemics which ravaged Phila delphia later. The square was not used as a burial place after 18 15. L. H. C. -Penna. Archives, Vol. xii P. 468. 36 The (Carpenter Family (Pounds) 5 each. Cousin Ann Busfill, (Pounds) 5 her children, William, Mary, Mercy, and Joshua Busfill, (Pounds) 5 to each. Two cousins, Abraham and Thomas Mitchell, -f5each. Recorded, office Register of Wills, Philadelphia, Book D, page 325. The will of Elizabeth Carpenter, widow of Joshua Carpenter, of Philadelphia, signed July 5, 1729, gives to her son Samuel Carpenter a gold shirt buckle, his father having already settled a very good estate on him. To her granddaughter Patience Annis, the daughter of Sarah, one silver tankard, six silver spoons, six silver forks, new case of drawers, table, large lookingglass, six cane chairs, a feather bed, bolster, and two pillows, a sackingbottomed bedstead, blankets, quilts, blue curtain, a great copper kettle, one dozen new pewter plates, 3 dishes and a bell-metal skillet. To her friend Peter Evans, for many services rendered, two negro women, named Ambo and Phillis, and also a negro, girl named Nanny. The residue of the estate is given in trust to her son Samuel Carpenter and Peter Evans, for the benefit of her daughter Sara