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Descendants of Berthold I Zahringen

Generation No. 25

73. LEOPOLD I²⁵ ZAHRINGEN (KARL FREDERICH²⁴, FRIEDERICH²³, KARL III WILHELM²², FREDERICK VII²¹ VON BADEN-DURLACH, FREDERICK VI²⁰ ZAHRINGEN, FREDERICK V¹⁹, GEROGE FREDERICK¹⁸, CHARLES II¹⁷, ERNEST¹⁶, CHRISTOPHER I¹⁵, CHARLES I¹⁴, JAMES I¹³, BERNARD I¹², RUDOLF VI¹¹, FREDERICK III¹⁰, RUDOLF IV⁹, HERMAN VII⁸, RUDOLF I⁷, HERMAN V⁶, HERMAN IV⁵, HERMAN III⁴, HERMAN II³, HERMAN I², BERTHOLD I¹) was born August 29, 1790, and died April 24, 1852. He married SOPHIA WILHEMINA VON HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP July 25, 1819, daughter of GUSTAV OF HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP and FREDERICA VON BADEN. She was born May 21, 1801, and died July 06, 1875.

More About LEOPOLD I ZAHRINGEN:
Title (Facts Pg): 1830, Grand Duke of Baden

Children of LEOPOLD ZAHRINGEN and SOPHIA VON HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP are:

ALEXANDRINE²⁶ ZAHRINGEN, b. December 06, 1820; d. December 20, 1904; m. ERNEST II SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA, May 03, 1842; b. June 21, 1818; d. August 22, 1893.

More About ERNEST II SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA:
Title (Facts Pg): Duke of Sax-Coburg and Gotha

	ii.		LUDWIG ZAHRINGEN, b. October 26, 1822; d. November 16, 1822.
	iii.		LOUIS II ZAHRINGEN, b. August 15, 1824; d. January 22, 1858.

More About LOUIS II ZAHRINGEN:
Title (Facts Pg): 1830, Grand Duke of Baden

86.	iv.	FREDERICK I ZAHRINGEN, b. September 09, 1826; d. September 28, 1907.
87.	v.	WILHELM ZAHRINGEN, b. December 18, 1829; d. April 27, 1897.
	vi.	KARL ZAHRINGEN, b. March 09, 1832; d. December 03, 1906; m. ROSALIE VON BEUST, May 17, 1871; b. June 10, 1845; d. October 15, 1908.

More About ROSALIE VON BEUST:
Title (Facts Pg): Countess of Rhena

	vii.		MARIE ZAHRINGEN, b. November 20, 1834; d. November 21, 1899; m. ERNST ZU LEININGEN, September 11, 1858; b. November 09, 1830; d. April 03, 1904.
88.	viii.		CECILY ZAHRINGEN, b. September 20, 1839; d. March 31, 1891.

74. WILLIAM²⁵ ZAHRINGEN (KARL FREDERICH²⁴, FRIEDERICH²³, KARL III WILHELM²², FREDERICK VII²¹ VON BADEN-DURLACH, FREDERICK VI²⁰ ZAHRINGEN, FREDERICK V¹⁹, GEROGE FREDERICK¹⁸, CHARLES II¹⁷, ERNEST¹⁶, CHRISTOPHER I¹⁵, CHARLES I¹⁴, JAMES I¹³, BERNARD I¹², RUDOLF VI¹¹, FREDERICK III¹⁰, RUDOLF IV⁹, HERMAN VII⁸, RUDOLF I⁷, HERMAN V⁶, HERMAN IV⁵, HERMAN III⁴, HERMAN II³, HERMAN I², BERTHOLD I¹) was born April 08, 1792, and died October 11, 1859. He married ELIZABETH VON WURTTEMBERG October 16, 1830, daughter of LUDWIG VON WURTTEMBERG and HENRIETTE OF NASSAU-WEILBURG. She was born February 27, 1802, and died December 05, 1864.

Children of WILLIAM ZAHRINGEN and ELIZABETH VON WURTTEMBERG are:

	i.	HENRIETTE²⁶ ZAHRINGEN, b. May 07, 1833; d. August 07, 1834.
	ii.	SOPHIE ZAHRINGEN, b. August 07, 1834; d. April 06, 1904; m. WOLDEMAR ZU LIPPE, November 09, 1858; b. April 18, 1824; d. March 20, 1895.
	iii.	ELIZABETH ZAHRINGEN, b. December 18, 1835; d. May 15, 1891.
89.	iv.	LEOPOLDINE WILHELMINE ZAHRINGEN, b. February 22, 1837; d. December 23, 1903.

75. KARL LUDWIG²⁵ ZAHRINGEN (KARL FREDERICH²⁴, FRIEDERICH²³, KARL III WILHELM²², FREDERICK VII²¹ VON BADEN-DURLACH, FREDERICK VI²⁰ ZAHRINGEN, FREDERICK V¹⁹, GEROGE FREDERICK¹⁸, CHARLES II¹⁷, ERNEST¹⁶, CHRISTOPHER I¹⁵, CHARLES I¹⁴, JAMES I¹³, BERNARD I¹², RUDOLF VI¹¹, FREDERICK III¹⁰, RUDOLF IV⁹, HERMAN VII⁸, RUDOLF I⁷, HERMAN V⁶, HERMAN IV⁵, HERMAN III⁴, HERMAN II³, HERMAN I², BERTHOLD I¹) was born February 14, 1755, and died December 16, 1801. He married AMALIE OF HESSE-DARMSTADT July 15, 1774. She was born July 20, 1754, and died July 21, 1832.

More About KARL LUDWIG ZAHRINGEN:
Title (Facts Pg): Prince of Padua

Children of KARL ZAHRINGEN and AMALIE OF HESSE-DARMSTADT are:

90.	i.	CATHARINE²⁶ ZAHRINGEN, b. July 13, 1776, Karlsruhe; d. October 26, 1823, Munich, Bavaria.
	ii.	CAROLINE ZAHRINGEN, b. July 13, 1776; d. November 13, 1841.
91.	iii.	YELIZAVETA VON BADEN, b. January 24, 1779; d. May 16, 1826.
92.	iv.	FREDERICA DOROTHEA VON BADEN, b. March 12, 1781; d. September 25, 1826.
93.	v.	MARY-ELIZABETH ZAHRINGEN, b. September 07, 1782; d. April 20, 1808.
	vi.	KARL FREDERICH ZAHRINGEN, b. September 13, 1784; d. March 01, 1785.
94.	vii.	KARL LUDWIG ZAHRINGEN, b. June 08, 1786; d. December 08, 1819.
	viii.	WILHEMINA VON BADEN, b. September 10, 1788.

76. GUSTAV IV ADOLF²⁵ OF HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP (GUSTAV III²⁴ VASA, ADOLF FREDERICK²³ VON HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP, ALBERTINA²² VON BADEN-DURLACH, FREDERICK VII²¹, FREDERICK VI²⁰ ZAHRINGEN, FREDERICK V¹⁹, GEROGE FREDERICK¹⁸, CHARLES II¹⁷, ERNEST¹⁶, CHRISTOPHER I¹⁵, CHARLES I¹⁴, JAMES I¹³, BERNARD I¹², RUDOLF VI¹¹, FREDERICK III¹⁰, RUDOLF IV⁹, HERMAN VII⁸, RUDOLF I⁷, HERMAN V⁶, HERMAN IV⁵, HERMAN III⁴, HERMAN II³, HERMAN I², BERTHOLD I¹) was born November 01, 1778 in Stockholm, Sweden, and died February 07, 1837 in Sankt Gallen, Switzerland. He married FREDERICA DOROTHEA VON BADEN October 31, 1797, daughter of KARL ZAHRINGEN and AMALIE OF HESSE-DARMSTADT. She was born March 12, 1781, and died September 25, 1826.

Notes for GUSTAV IV ADOLF OF HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP:
Swedish king whose intemperate foreign policy led to his overthrow in a coup d'�tat of 1809.

The son of the assassinated Gustav III, Gustav IV came to the throne in 1792 under the regency of his uncle Charles, duke of S�dermanland. Although the regency ended in 1796, Gustav IV was plagued by a morbid fear of Jacobinism, and he avoided coronation until 1800, when agricultural and financial crises
necessitated the convocation of a Riksdag (estates general).

In 1805 Gustav IV brought Sweden into the European coalition against Napoleon. When Russia joined with France in 1807, Gustav stubbornly decided to remain in the field, even though that would mean a Russian attack on Finland. The situation grew more dangerous when, also in 1807, Denmark-Norway declared war on Sweden, thus completely isolating it. In these circumstances certain groups of liberal officials and officers in Sweden's western army arranged a coup d'�tat, and on March 13, 1809, the king was overthrown. His heirs being declared ineligible to succeed him, he and his family left Sweden for exile. Gustav finally settled in Switzerland under the name Colonel Gustafsson.

More About GUSTAV IV ADOLF OF HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP:
Title (Facts Pg): Bet. 1792 - 1809, King of Sweden

Children of GUSTAV OF HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP and FREDERICA VON BADEN are:

95.	i.	GUSTAVUS²⁶ VASA, b. November 09, 1799; d. August 04, 1877.
96.	ii.	SOPHIA WILHEMINA VON HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP, b. May 21, 1801; d. July 06, 1875.
	iii.	CHARLES GUSTAVUS VON HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP, b. December 02, 1802.
	iv.	AMELIA MARIE VON HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP, b. February 22, 1805.
	v.	CECILIE VON HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP, b. June 22, 1807.

77. FREDERICK CHRISTIAN²⁵ WETTIN (MARIA JOSEPHA²⁴ HABSBURG, WILHEMINA²³ OF BRUNSWICK-LUNENBURG, BENEDICTE HENRIETTE²² WITTELSBACH, EDWARD²¹, FREDERICK V²⁰, FREDERICK IV¹⁹, LOUIS IV¹⁸, FREDERICK III¹⁷, BEATIX¹⁶ ZAHRINGEN, CHRISTOPHER I¹⁵, CHARLES I¹⁴, JAMES I¹³, BERNARD I¹², RUDOLF VI¹¹, FREDERICK III¹⁰, RUDOLF IV⁹, HERMAN VII⁸, RUDOLF I⁷, HERMAN V⁶, HERMAN IV⁵, HERMAN III⁴, HERMAN II³, HERMAN I², BERTHOLD I¹) was born September 05, 1722, and died December 17, 1763. He married MARIA ANTONIA WITTELSBACH June 20, 1747, daughter of CHARLES VII WITTELSBACH. She was born July 18, 1724, and died April 23, 1780.

Children of FREDERICK WETTIN and MARIA WITTELSBACH are:

	i.		FREDERICK AUGUSTUS I²⁶ WETTIN, b. December 23, 1750.
	ii.		KARL WETTIN, b. September 24, 1752.
	iii.		ANTHONY CLEMENT WETTIN, b. December 27, 1755; d. June 06, 1836; m. (1) MARIA CHARLOTTE SAVOY, October 24, 1781; b. January 14, 1767; d. November 07, 1827; m. (2) MARIA THERESA HABSBURG-LORRAINE, October 18, 1787; b. January 14, 1767; d. November 07, 1827.

More About ANTHONY CLEMENT WETTIN:
Title (Facts Pg): 1827, King of Saxony

iv.

MAXIMILIAN WETTIN, b. April 13, 1759.

78. MARY AMALIA²⁵ WETTIN (MARIA JOSEPHA²⁴ HABSBURG, WILHEMINA²³ OF BRUNSWICK-LUNENBURG, BENEDICTE HENRIETTE²² WITTELSBACH, EDWARD²¹, FREDERICK V²⁰, FREDERICK IV¹⁹, LOUIS IV¹⁸, FREDERICK III¹⁷, BEATIX¹⁶ ZAHRINGEN, CHRISTOPHER I¹⁵, CHARLES I¹⁴, JAMES I¹³, BERNARD I¹², RUDOLF VI¹¹, FREDERICK III¹⁰, RUDOLF IV⁹, HERMAN VII⁸, RUDOLF I⁷, HERMAN V⁶, HERMAN IV⁵, HERMAN III⁴, HERMAN II³, HERMAN I², BERTHOLD I¹) was born November 24, 1724. She married CHARLES III DE BOURBON June 19, 1738, son of PHILIP DE BOURBON-VEND�ME and ELIZABETH FARNESE. He was born January 20, 1715/16, and died 1788.

Notes for CHARLES III DE BOURBON:
1716-88, king of Spain (1759-88) and of Naples and Sicily (1735-59), son of Philip V and Elizabeth Farnese. Recognized as duke of Parma and Piacenza in 1731, he relinquished the duchies to Austria after Spain reconquered (1734) Naples and Sicily in the War of the Polish Succession. His reign in Naples was beneficent. In 1759 he succeeded his half brother, Ferdinand VI, to the Spanish throne, Naples and Sicily passing to his third son, Ferdinand (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies). Charles at first was neutral in the Seven Years War, but after concluding the Family Compact of 1761 with France, he involved Spain in the war in time to share France's defeat. By the Treaty of Paris of 1763 he ceded Florida to England but received Louisiana from France. Territorial disputes with Portugal in the R�o de la Plata region were settled by the Treaty of San Ildefonso (1777). In the American Revolution, Charles entered (1779) the war on the American side and by the Treaty of Paris of 1783 regained Florida and Minorca. Spain prospered under the rule of Charles, who is regarded as the greatest Bourbon king of Spain and one of the "enlightened despots." His reign is noted for economic and administrative reforms and for the expulsion of the Jesuits (1767). Charles was ably assisted by Aranda, Floridablanca, Campomanes, and Jovellanos. He was succeeded by his son Charles IV.

More About CHARLES III DE BOURBON:
Date born 2: 1716
Title (Facts Pg): Bet. 1759 - 1788, King of Spain

Children of MARY WETTIN and CHARLES DE BOURBON are:

97.	i.		MARIA LUISA²⁶ DE BOURBON, b. November 24, 1745; d. May 15, 1792.
98.	ii.		CHARLES IV DE BOURBON, b. 1748; d. 1819.

79. AUGUSTA²⁵ HANOVER (FREDERICK LOUIS²⁴, GEORGE II²³, GEORGE I LOUIS²², SOPHIA²¹ WITTELSBACH, FREDERICK V²⁰, FREDERICK IV¹⁹, LOUIS IV¹⁸, FREDERICK III¹⁷, BEATIX¹⁶ ZAHRINGEN, CHRISTOPHER I¹⁵, CHARLES I¹⁴, JAMES I¹³, BERNARD I¹², RUDOLF VI¹¹, FREDERICK III¹⁰, RUDOLF IV⁹, HERMAN VII⁸, RUDOLF I⁷, HERMAN V⁶, HERMAN IV⁵, HERMAN III⁴, HERMAN II³, HERMAN I², BERTHOLD I¹) was born 1737, and died 1813. She married CHARLES II OF BRUNSWICK. He was born 1735, and died 1806.

Notes for CHARLES II OF BRUNSWICK:
(Charles William Ferdinand) 1735-1806, duke of Brunswick (1780-1806), Prussian field marshal. He had great success in the Seven Years War (1756-63) and was commander in chief (1792-94) of the Austro-Prussian armies in the French Revolutionary Wars. Although he sympathized with some of the goals of the Revolution, he led the German army in its ill-fated march into France in 1792 and issued a manifesto threatening severe reprisals against the revolutionaries. Defeated at Valmy (1792), in 1793 he routed the French at Kaiserslautern and Pirmasens. He again commanded the Prussian armies in 1806 and was defeated by the French marshal Davout at Auerstedt. He was blinded in the battle and died soon after. His son was Frederick William, duke of Brunswick.

More About CHARLES II OF BRUNSWICK:
Title (Facts Pg): Bet. 1780 - 1806, Duke of Brunswick

Children of AUGUSTA HANOVER and CHARLES OF BRUNSWICK are:

99.	i.		CAROLINE²⁶ OF BRUNSWICK, b. 1768; d. 1821.
100.	ii.		FREDERICK WILLIAM OF BRUNSWICK, b. October 09, 1771; d. June 06, 1815.

80. GEORGE III²⁵ HANOVER (FREDERICK LOUIS²⁴, GEORGE II²³, GEORGE I LOUIS²², SOPHIA²¹ WITTELSBACH, FREDERICK V²⁰, FREDERICK IV¹⁹, LOUIS IV¹⁸, FREDERICK III¹⁷, BEATIX¹⁶ ZAHRINGEN, CHRISTOPHER I¹⁵, CHARLES I¹⁴, JAMES I¹³, BERNARD I¹², RUDOLF VI¹¹, FREDERICK III¹⁰, RUDOLF IV⁹, HERMAN VII⁸, RUDOLF I⁷, HERMAN V⁶, HERMAN IV⁵, HERMAN III⁴, HERMAN II³, HERMAN I², BERTHOLD I¹) was born May 24, 1738 in London, England, and died January 29, 1820 in Windsor Castle. He married CHARLOTTE OF MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ September 08, 1761 in St. James' Palace, London, England, daughter of CHARLES OF MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ. She was born 1744, and died 1818.

Notes for GEORGE III HANOVER:
1738-1820, king of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820); son of Frederick Louis, prince of Wales, and grandson of George II, whom he succeeded. He was also elector (and later king) of Hanover, but he never visited it.

After his father's early death (1751), young George was educated for his future role as king by his domineering mother, Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, and by John Stuart, earl of Bute. He succeeded to the throne at the age of 22 and earnestly set himself to cleanse politics of corruption and to curb the arrogance of the aristocratic Whig leaders, who he believed had weakened the royal powers. George, for his part, was viewed with suspicion by those who resented Lord Bute's influence over the young king. This suspicion appeared justified when the successful and popular William Pitt, later earl of Chatham, was allowed to resign (1761) and was replaced by Bute. Bute, however, could not muster parliamentary support and resigned in 1763, and George, who matured rapidly in office, quickly outgrew his dependence on him.

Political instability marked the first 10 years of the reign, for the king's lack of faith in most of the available ministers and increasing factionalism led to a rapid turnover of ministries and inconsistency of policy. The ministry of George Grenville (1763-65) initiated prosecution of John Wilkes and imposed the unpopular Stamp Act on the American colonies; that of the marquess of Rockingham (1765-66) repealed the Stamp Act; that of Lord Chatham (1766-68) levied new duties in America with the Townshend Acts; while that of the duke of Grafton (1768-70) renewed prosecution of Wilkes. Thwarted in his unrealistic attempts to break the system of patronage and connection by which political groupings were formed, George himself resorted to the lavish use of patronage to establish in Parliament a group of supporters known as the "king's friends."

Only in 1770 did George find in Frederick, Lord North, a chief minister who was able to manage Parliament and willing to follow royal leadership. Although North achieved financial consolidation at home and imposed closer government control over the East India Company by the Regulating Act (1772), his 12-year ministry is remembered chiefly for his policy of coercion against the American colonists that led finally to the American Revolution. This policy of course reflected the views of the king, whose refusal to accept the loss of the colonies prolonged the war. Opposition in Parliament to what was regarded as increasing royal influence finally forced George to accept the resignation (1782) of North and the formation of ministries first by Lord Rockingham and then by the earl of Shelburne, who concluded the Treaty of Paris (1783), granting independence to the United States.

Shelburne's ministry was brought down (1783) by the surprising coalition of George's old friend Lord North and his leading Whig opponent Charles James Fox. This alliance so incensed the king that he exerted his influence in the House of Lords to secure defeat of Fox's East India Bill (1783) and thus forced the ministry out, replacing it with one formed by the younger William Pitt. Despite the furious reaction to the king's action among Whigs, Pitt won control of Parliament in the 1784 election and was to retain power until 1801 and then hold it again from 1804 to 1806.

After Pitt's appointment George retired from active participation in government, except for taking an interest in such major issues as Catholic Emancipation, which he defeated in 1801. Pitt was able to improve trade, reform the governments of Canada and India, and unite the kingdoms of Ireland and England (1800). He also managed the wars with France.

Before George died in 1820 the fabric of English life had been vastly altered from the stable society of 1760. Despite the loss of the American colonies there had been a great expansion of empire and trade, and the ground for further expansion had been laid by the explorations of James Cook. At home, the population almost doubled, improved agricultural methods increased productivity, and advances in technology and transportation marked the onset of the Industrial Revolution. Social reform, although much discussed, made little headway, and all attempts to effect an extension of the suffrage or a redistribution of parliamentary representation failed. The Church of England, fettered by apathy and patronage, failed to move into the new factory towns, but Methodism spread rapidly to fill the gap. Science made great strides with the work of Henry Cavendish, Joseph Priestley, John Dalton, and Sir Humphrey Davy. In English literature 18th-century neoclassicism declined, and the romantic movement had its rise. A revolution in social and economic thinking, assisted by the spread of literacy and learning through a wider distribution of books and periodicals, promoted theories of utilitarianism and laissez faire. Among important thinkers of the period were Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus, Jeremy Bentham, and Edmund Burke. Through all these developments George patronized the arts, especially portraiture, and founded the Royal Academy of Arts. He was a friend of Josiah Wedgwood and other industrialists.

George, who had suffered a short nervous breakdown in 1765 and a more serious one in 1788-89 (which caused a fierce conflict between Pitt and Fox over the powers to be vested in the regency), became permanently insane in 1810. It has been suggested that he was a victim of the hereditary disease porphyria. He spent the rest of his life in the care of his devoted wife, Charlotte Sophia, whom he had married in 1761, and the prince of Wales (later George IV) was made regent. Unlike the first two Georges, George III had a tranquil domestic life, although scandal touched his brothers and sons. George was an honest and well-intentioned man, but his stubbornness and limited intellectual power confounded his efforts to rule well and made him a somewhat tragic figure.

More About GEORGE III HANOVER:
Title (Facts Pg): Bet. 1760 - 1820, King of Great Britain and Ireland

Notes for CHARLOTTE OF MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ:
(Charlotte Sophia), 1744-1818, queen consort of George III of England. The niece of Frederick, duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, she was married to George in 1761 and bore him 15 children. When the king became permanently disabled in 1810, she was given charge of his person and his household.

Children of GEORGE HANOVER and CHARLOTTE OF MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ are:

101.	i.		GEORGE IV²⁶ HANOVER, b. August 12, 1762, St. James' Palace; d. June 26, 1830, Windsor Castle.
	ii.		FREDERICK HANOVER, b. 1763; m. FREDERICA HOHENZOLLERN.

More About FREDERICK HANOVER:
Title (Facts Pg): Duke of York

102.	iii.	WILLIAM IV HANOVER, b. August 21, 1765, Buckingham Palace, London, England; d. June 20, 1837, Windsor Castle.
	iv.	CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA HANOVER, b. 1766; d. 1828; m. FREDERICK I VON WURTTEMBERG, May 18, 1797, Chapel Royal, St.James Palace, England; b. November 06, 1754; d. October 30, 1816.
103.	v.	EDWARD HANOVER, b. 1767; d. 1820.
104.	vi.	ERNEST AUGUSTUS HANOVER, b. 1771; d. 1851.
	vii.	AUGUSTUS HANOVER, b. 1773; d. 1843.

More About AUGUSTUS HANOVER:
Title (Facts Pg): Duke of Sussex

105.	viii.		ADOLPHUS HANOVER, b. 1774; d. 1850.
	ix.		MARY HANOVER, d. 1857.

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