THE HARTFORD TREATY WITH THE NARRAGANSETS

Signed September 21, 1638

Covenant and agreement made between the English inhabitants within the jurisdiction for ye River Connecticut of ye one part and Miantinome, the chief sachem of ye Narreganset, in ye behalf of himself and the other sachems there. And Poquaum or Unkas, the chief sachem of ye Indians, called the Monhegins, in the behalf of himself and others, ye sachems under him as forthwith.

At Hartford, the 21, Sept., 1638

First Imps. - There is a peace and familiarity made between the said Miantonome and Narragansett Indians, and the said Poquaum and ye said Monhegan Indians, and all former injuries and wrongs offered each to other remitted and buried and never to revive any more from henceforth.

Second - It is agreed if there fall out injuries or wrongs for future to be done or committed each to other or their mess they shall not presently revenge it, but they are to appeale to ye said English and they are to decide the same and the determination of the English to stand and they are each to doe as is by the said English set downe and if the one or the other shall refuse soe to doe it shall be lawfull for the English to compell them and to rise and take part if they see cause agaynst ye obstinate or refusing party.

Third - It is agreed that they shall not enter into one or others bounds or countrees without consent either to hunt or fish or ye like neither shall steale or take away one or the others corne nor rob nor steal one from another either skins wampum beaver or ye like or burn or spoil one or the others wigwams.

Fourth - It there is a conclusion of peace and friendship made between the said Miantonimo and ye said Narragansetts, and the said Poquaum and ye said Mohegins, as long as they carry themselves and give noe just cause of offence, and that they, nor either of them, doe shelter any that may be enemies to ye English that shall, or formerly have had hand in murthering or killing any English man or woman, or consented thereto.

Fifth - That they, nor either of them, nor their men, nor doggs, nor trapps, shall kill nor spoile or hurt any of Englishmen's hoggs, swine or cattle, and if any of the Englishmen's cattle shall stray in their or either counties, and they come to know thereof, they shall not kil nor spoil them, but shall speedily give notice thereof to ye English or else bring them to the English and the English shall give them recompense for their paines.

Sixth - It is agreed that if they or either of them shall know or hear of any evil or mischief intended against the English they shal duelie give notice thereof to ye English Governors and apprehend or take any such if they can that intend hurt to ye English and bring them to the English.

Seventh - If any Englishman's board, pinnace, or ship shal suffer any wreck upon any of their coasts, or any English goods or men be cast upon their shoares they and either of them shall preserve the same and give notice thereof to ye English and they shal have for their paines.

Eighth - They or either of them shal as soone as they can either bring the chief sachems of our late enemies the Pequots that had the cheife hand in killing the English, to the said English or take of their heads as also for those murtherers that are not agreed amongst us that bringing they shal as soone as they can possibly take of their heads if they be in their custody or else whensoever they or any of them shal come amongst them or to their wigwams or any where if they can by any meanes come by them.

[Paragraphs 9-11 have been torn off and lost]

Twelfth - Neither shall the Narrongansets nor Monhegins possess any part of the Pequots country without leave from the English excepted, the English captives are forthwith to be delivered to ye English such as belong to Connecticut to ye Sachems there, and such as belong to the Massachusets to ye Sachems there.

Thirteenth - The said agreements are to be kept inviolable by the parties above said, and if any make breach of them the other two may joyne and make war upon such as shal breake the same, unles satisfaction be made being resonably required.

Signed: John Haines, Roger Ludlow, Edward Hopkins

The mark of Miantonimo [Mark is a bow]

The mark of Poquah, alias Unkas [Mark is a bird]

Extractes out of ye originall and seal

The 25^th of May, 1665, ye Daniel Clarke, sec'y, to Connecticut Corporation.

British Museum, Lansd. MS 1052