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Simon de Monfort
Simon de Montfort, Earl
of Leicester, married to the King's sister, was Governor of English land
in Gascony for four years. He was to become the driving force behind the
barons in the Second Barons' War.
In October 1258 the King accepted the Provisions of Oxford, but he had
no intention of living by them. The barons that had written them had
differing ideas of how far they should be taken. Simon de Montfort took
them to their most extreme. He believed that the Council of Fifteen, set
up by the Provisions of Oxford, could if necessary rule against the King's
wishes. Edward, heir to the throne, believed the council should be a group
of advisers and nothing more than that.
Civil War was inevitable. In May 1264 de Montfort won the Battle of
Lewes and captured the king and his heir. Edward escaped and de Montfort
fought and died at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. In 1267 the Provisions
of Oxford and Westminster were revoked and the King could once again
choose his own councillors.
Simon de
Montfort | SIMON DE MONTFORT (c. 1208-1265)
- A statesman, soldier and controversial politician
- On becoming the sixth Earl of Leicester, he expelled Jews from
Leicester
- Married Henry III's sister Eleanor
- Helped to frame the Provisions of Oxford in 1258 and was determined
to live by them, which led him to war with Henry III and his heir Edward
- Won the Battle of Lewes in May 1264 and captured both King and heir
- Became de facto ruler
- Summoned both knights and burgesses to a Parliament in January 1265
thus founding the House of Commons
- Edward (later I) escaped from custody and fought de Montfort at the
Battle of Evesham in August 1265
- Died in battle
The de Montforts were one of the
families who first came to England with William the Conqueror in 1066.
 
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| 1216 |
John dies
Henry III becomes
King of England
William the Marshal becomes
Regent
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| 1217 |
Louis VIII defeated at the
Battle of Lincoln
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| 1219 |
William the Marshal
dies
Hubert de Burgh becomes chief Justiciar
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| 1236 |
Henry III marries Eleanor of
Provence
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| 1238 |
Simon de Montfort marries
Henry III's sister, Eleanor
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| 1249 |
Alexander III, King of
Scots
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| 1258 |
Provisions of
Oxford
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| 1259 |
Provisions of
Westminster
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| 1264 |
Second Barons'
War
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| 1265 |
De Montfort dies at Battle of
Evesham
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| 1271 |
Henry III dies
Edward I
becomes King
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| SOME ENGLISH
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS IN THE LATE 13TH CENTURY |
- Exports:
- Corn to Norway and France
- Wool and hides to Flanders
- Fish to the Continent
- Imports:
- Wine from France and Italy
- Ginger
- Peppers
- Currants
- Jewels
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