Journal of Samuel Maurice McAshan

1864
     I intended keeping a Journal daily of these eventful times from 1st Jan. 1864 daily but
from various causes omitted to do so until now this the 21st Nov 1864.  And the events of the
past portion of the year with which I have been immediately connected I will here record.

Jan. 1st 1864.  This day finds me a Soldier in the Armies of the Confederate States - in Capt.
Webb's unattached Company stationed at Columbia Brazoria County Texas.  This Company were
all exempt from Military duty and went to the field after organizing at the earnest Call of the
Commanding General of the District of Texas Arizona & New Mexico, Gen. J. Bankhead
MaGruder.  We left home for the field about 12th Dec. 1863, and were very kindly and hospitably
received by the Citizens enroute from LaGrange Texas to Columbia.  Capt. W. G. Webb arrived
with his Company at Gen MaGruder's Headquarters then located at Greenvill McNeills plantation
in Brazoria County Texas on or about 20th Dec. 1863.  The Commanding Genl. received us with
great cordiality by making a speech of about fifteen minutes duration - stating that ours was the
only Company of Expempts who had reported in the field at his call - he thought the invasion of
the State imminent and it all important that every available man should hasten to the front.  He
immediately placed our Capt with his Company in Command of the post of Columbia here we as a
Company received the kindest treatment from the Civilians.  Among a host of others who
tendered the Writer especial friendship and cordially received him in their homes and around their
firesides was Mr. Underwood, Mr. Swain, and Mr. Adriana - whose memory I shall not fail to
hold dear.  We as a Company enjoyed ourselves as much here perhaps as is usual for men in
Camps - separated as we were and especially the Writer from a devoted Wife and three precious
children - in whom all the highest love and affection of his heart fondly centered.  While here I
received very many to me precious letters from my devoted Wife giving me a succint history of
the passing events at home and of the continuous enjoyment of uninterrupted good health of
herself and my loving and devoted children - these letters afforded me great joy and happiness
coming as they did from the fond partner of my bosom over whose pure life and pure heart
dictated no light but the pure sentiments of a family nature.  While here our equanimity was
frequently disturbed by the effort of the Federal advance from the Peninsular.  Where they had
landed in formidable force - the firing by them of Heavy Artillary was almost uninterrupted at our
Batterys at the mouth of the Brazos and our scouts who annoyed them much.  The federals
however about 1st March broke of Camp and evacuated the Peninsular from some Cause and
made no serious effort towards making an advance into the Country from this fact it is thought
that the Commanding Genl MaGruder anticipate their movements and made complete and ample
arrangements to meet them.
     About 15th March 1864 the Writers health became bad, and on this account it became
necessary for him to go home - temporarily - or be discharged from the Company - he went home
and spent a few days.  When he returned to Camp without any material improvement he spent a
few days in Camp and then applied for and received a furlough to visit Houston on account of
continued bad health for a short time after spending a few days as agreably as my health and the
circumstances would admit at my Bro-in-law's Capt. C. S. Longcope & his family - and
occasionally calling on my good friends Charles Shearn, T. W. House and E. Mather, citizens of
that place.
     After mature reflection, considering the delicate state of my health and the fact of my
having furnished two (2) substitutes to the Confederate Service, and a Negro who died laboring
on the fortifications at Galveston, besides various other subscriptions and donations to the
Confederate Cause, I accepted from the hands of Maj. Gel. J. Bankhead MaGruder a detail from
Active Service in the field to Report to T. W. House for duty with him.  He, T. W. H. was a
Contractor for the Government and had been and was still of great service to the Government in
furnishing supplies for the War Department by running the Blockade and furnishing these supplies
by the overland route through Mexico.  Under all the circumstances I felt under great obligations
to Mr. House and Capt. Longcope for procuring my Detail.  I reported under orders as before
stated to T. W. House for duty.  He immediately gave me full instructions to proceed first to
Eagle Pass and Piedras Negras on the Rio Grande river, receive and forward his Cotton that was
arriving from the interior of Texas at that point to Matamoras, and then follow it to this point and
attend to selling and shipping his Cotton as it arrived at Matamoras and forward him Government
supplies according to his orders.  This was on the 1st April 1864, and about the 4th I left Houston
for LaGrange, my home, and taking the _________ I arrived at Brenham the Terminus of the Tax
Road Connecting it with the Central Road about 4 o'clock p. m., I put up at the Hotel, took tea,
which was well gotten up - at 8 o'clock this evening I took the Stage and arrived at home in
LaGrange to Breakfast the next morning.  Here as is always the Case I was received by my loving
and devoted Wife - Mattie - and precious children - Evie, Ernie, and Ann - with great joy.  I spent
about two weeks at home in the Circle of my family very agreeably and pleasantly, after giving the
necessary instructions in reference to the management of my farm, about the 22nd of April I was
called upon the circumstances of my Mission to bid adieu to my loved ones at home for the far
and perilous West.  To me and my loved ones this was a bitter hour - it was the first time in our
history that we were called upon to part under circumstances so unfavorable to our speedy
reunion - all the holdover associations of our past and pleasant anticipations of the future seemed
to Centre in this Moment of separation, but as duty called I could but obey its stern demands,
however it might affect my social ties.  Never shall I forget that moment when I said farewell to
my loved ones - it was about the 22nd April as I before mentioned - a cloudless and beautiful day
"all nature seemed to smile" - while I and my loved ones alone wept.  The day for leaving had
rolled around and I had to say - farewell - to Wife - to children and to Servants - at early morn I
left the Sacred Retreat of home and all its endearing associations, took the Stage for Austin,
Texas.  My Company thence was pleasant and agreeable.  We arrived at Austin at the hour of 11
o'clock p.m. and put up at the "Avenue Hotel" with my old friend Dr. McCall our eminent Devine
of the "Christian Church" here we were kindly entertained by him and his estimable Lady.  The
Stage was not connecting immediately with the one from San Antonio I was delayed here two
days.  After which I left about 8 o'clock in the morning for San Antonio in Company with a
Youthful boy by the name of Nicholson from Bastrop, the day was pleasant and we arived about 4
o'clock at "Smiths Hotel" at New Braunfels on a Beautiful Stream called the San Marcos.  This I
think is undoubtedly the handsomest stream and finest power for Machinery I ever saw.  The
Comal is another stream of great beauty and no doubt of future utility for Manufacturing
purposes.   It intersects the San Marcos near this point.  We took dinner - which was not very
inviting to the Conisuer (of which the Writer makes no pretentions) and proceeded on our
Journey, arrived at San Antonio about 12 o'clock p.m. and put up at "Menger's Hotel" this was
Saturday, here we remained after fairing quite comfortably at $2.00 per day in Specie until the
next evening at 4 o'clock.  When we left for Eagle Pass from San Antonio we travelled in
"Overland Coaches" being small and crowded with eleven passengers and the driver, ten males
and one lady rendered it quite uncomfortable — the weather was getting uncomfortably warm by
this time and the water on the route was very unpleasant.  We took supper at Castroville — a neat
little village situated on the beautiful "Medina" — our supper was good and fully equal to our
expectations.  We then proceeded on our journey throught the night and took breakfast at a
village by the name of "Davis" about which there is nothing attractive or prepossessing.  Along
here reports of Indians were frequently heard, but we discovered none — nor any particular
evidence of their having been in this section recently.  We travelled on the next day and nothing of
especial interest occured to disturb the harmony of the passengers or excite their fears, in due time
we arrived at "Uvalde", here we were hospitably entertained at a "Hotel" or "Public House" kept
by Mr. & Mrs. Taylor — our fair was good and the charge for dinner was moderate.  We
proceeded on our way and about 8 o'clock at night arrived at "Turkey Creek" — a tolerable
supper was the result of this charmless locality — on we moved about 10 o'clock at night we
arrived at a small stream called the "Chico" — a stage stand — kept by Mexicans — we took a
cup of coffee — and here was the first place the writer ever saw the "Tortes" or thin cake made
by the Mexicans from corn.  It was not palatable to my taste, and it was my opinion that a great
improvement could be made in them by the addition of salt and eggs, neither of which they
possessed.  We proceeded on our trip and arrived at Eagle Pass about 4 o'clock a.m., and put up
at "Vivens Hotel".  Not being favorably impressed with the village and the Rio Grande River
generally from rumor I was not disapointed in finding it uninticing or uninviting — it was without
doubt the most unwelcome village in all the meaning of that term — if indeed it could be dignified
by that name my eyes ever rested upon.  It contains a population of about 300 in times of peace -
nine tenths of whom are Mexicans - of the lowest class of that race, if one is to judge from
appearances.  The houses of this villiage are solidly built one story in height covered with straw -
the body of which is made of mud called adobe - resembling the shape of brick somewhat - but of
much larger size.  On the opposite side of the river is seen the villiage of Piedras Negras with a
population of about six thousand chiefly Mexicans of a very low order.  Here on this frontier I
found little or no refinement in either of the sexes.  It was no uncommon sight at this season to
see some two or three hundred at a single bathing in view of both villiages.  This practice, in a
public way was very disgusting to others especially foreigners as well as myself.  The education
even in the common rudiments seem to have been almost wholy neglected - which was perhaps
caused in a great measure by the continued State of Revolution which has afflicted this country
almost without intermission for near a half century.  The complexion of this race in general is
brown or bronzed - black hair and eyes this is no doubt attributable to the fact that their ancestry
were Indians, and that blood predominates greatly in their veins.  Their general appearance
indicates but one step removed from the Indians.  They are however kind and hospitable to
strangers especially their females.  I reached here about 1st May and had very dry weather while
enroute here but soon after my arrival we experienced some of the heaviest rains I ever saw.  My
general health was tolerable good until about 1st June.  I met many old acquaintances and friends
during my sojourn here - and on the Mexican side I met those who had fled from the country from
various causes - prominent among others to avoid military duty in the Great Struggle now going
on between the United and Confederate States.  Most of whom seemed to sympathize with the
South - and wish it success - but was unwilling to shoulder arms in its defence.  Some of whom
had families who appeared dear to them in the interior of Texas and with whom they seldom
communicated, owing to the vigilence of those in authority.  After attending to much of the
business entrusted to me on or about the 1st of June I was taken quite sick - and had quite a
protracted spell of fever.  I was atteneded by two extimable Gentlemen and physicians Dr. I. H.
McClintock of Houston and Dr. Baker of Huntsville they attended me for some four weeks with
great care and promptness and did not charge me one cent for their valuable services.  I was also
cared for by others among them were S. S. Munger, LaGrange, Mr. Thomason, Waco and Mr.
Bowles of Cameron - before and during my sickness I had received many truly affectionate letters
from my beloved wife - informing me of the good health of those so dear to me at home and of
their anxiety for my welfare and safe return.  It pained me during my sickness that I could not
answer these fond letters - and I often thought of the comforts of home its endearing ties and
associations - and how fondly and affectionately my own devoted Mattie would give her
undivided attention to me if at home and sick - but she was far away and could send me the
assistance of her prayers in my behalf - I bore my sickness with as much patience and fortitude as
my impatient and restless nature would allow.  I in the course of two weeks grew better and
relapsed.  I then made up my mind if my Heavenly Father would spare me I would make an effort
so soon as able to go home - and wrote to my dear Mattie accordingly so soon as I was able to
write.  Without digressing too  much from the subject I would here remark that I received very
little attention and sympathy from my landlord "Vevien" whose table was more abundantly
supplied with beef livers, hearts and onions than that class of diet suitable for the sick.  My health
again improved a little and I made up my mind to start home on the following Saturday or Sunday
about 19th June - but the day before I was to leave, it was reported that an attack was to be made
on the villiage and garrison on Saturday night by the renegades and deserters from the
Confederate Army.  Not much reliance being placed in the report but little preparation was made
to resist an attack if made on that night.  The night passed without any disturbance and the same
report was circulated the next day (Sunday) with more show of reliability as the Mexican females
in the evening - as though they apprehended an attack left in large numbers for the Mexican side
of the River.  There was in Eagle Pass about fifty males - citizens and visitors.  The Garrison
consisted of about thirty troops - poorly armed as was the citizens.  About 1 o'clock that night an
attack was made upon the Garrison by about twenty-five deserters and renegades.  It being rather
a surprise to the troops at the Garrison most of whom being asleep - they made but very feeble
resistance and the Garrison building was taken possession of by the enemy.  The Confederate
troops none of whom was captured and held, fled to town about three hundred yards off - some
three or four were wounded in this engagement and none killed on either side.  The firing at the
Garrison aroused the citizens and visitors and we repaired to the Main Street forthwith - formed
into a temporary organization - used cotton bales to erect temporary fortifications and awaited the
approach of the enemy.  About three o'clock they drew up in line about two hundred yards from
us and paused as though they intended to charge - all on horseback.  Our men commenced firing
on them and they fled - leaving the villiage about day-light.  Rumors was rife the next day that
they would return heavily reinforced that night to renew the attack.  We prepared for the
anticipated attack and received some reinforcements in the persons of visitors and were much
better prepared for defensive operations than the previous evening but the enemy failed to appear
and this writer left on the San Antonio Huck on the next (Tuesday) morning in company with ?
Taylor and her mother of Uvalde.  Much apprehension existed in the mind of the ? as well as the
writers that the road would be besieged by this band after a few miles out but to our great
satisfaction we pursued our journey on to Turkey Creek about 42 miles without interruption. 
There we met the outgoing Stage with many passengers awaiting our arrival under a state of
excitement.  Our safe arrival and report quieted their fears.  We took tea and parted, had a rather
pleasant trip to Uvalde - arriving about 3 o'clock that night and was permitted to get an hour or
so repose at the agreeable house of Mr. Taylor's.  We took breakfast early the next morning -
passed Dentor and the neat German villiage of Castroville without noticing anything of special
interest except the movement of a few troops on the March for Eagle Pass to reinforce the
Garrison.  We reached San Antonio about 11 o'clock that night and the writer put up at
‘Menger's' Hotel.  The writer was much annoyed here as he was all along the road in answering
inquiries in regard to the difficulties at E. Pass. The writer proceeded on his journey passing San
Marcos and New Braunfels arriving at Austin about 12 o'clock on Saturday and he put up at his
old friend the Rev. Dr. McCall's.  Where he was hospitably entertained until the following
Tuesday, when he left for home passing Webberville we took dinner and from there we proceeded
to Bastrop - taking tea with Mrs. Nicholson - and on we pressed our journey and the writer
having the exquisite gratification and pleasure about sunrise on the next morning of again
embracing his loved ones and narrating to them this story of his adventures and his sickness.  It
was indeed a source of great joy finding my loved ones in the enjoyment of good health and the
joy it afforded them as well as the writer in reuniting with them.  I spent but four or five days at
home when my business demanded my presence in Houston where I set off to spending the first
night at Columbus in the hospitable house of Mr. Huntsfield - who married the widow of my
deceased and much beloved brother E. V. McAshan - the following day I took the train for
Houston - arriving there at 5 o'clock p.m.   As usual I put up at the house of my esteemed
Bro-in-law's Capt. C. S. Longcope - finding him and family then well but who had had since my
last visit the painful misfortune to loose their loving and sweet little "Nony" whose loss was
grieveously sore to them in the extreme.  The next morning I called on my friend and employer -
made my report of his business on the Rio Grande and of the cause (my sickness) of my returning
before proceeding to my journey's end and fully completing the business which was entrusted to
me by him.  My report gave him full satisfaction.  I remained in Houston about one week and
received additional instructions to fulfil my mission to the Rio Grande - as soon as my health
would justify my leaving home.  I feared much that I could not take a second trip west as my state
of health was still very delicate - and especially at this season of the year.  I however took the
Cars for home on Monday were I arrived at daylight the next morning.  My devoted wife was
very anxious to know what Mr. House thought of my services and if he expressed satisfaction at
what I had done.  I satisfied her on that accord - but when I informed her that I had consented to
go to Matamoras to finish the business Mr. House had entrusted to my care - she gave a very
unwilling consent to it but however left it to me.  I then expected to leave in about two weeks -
but my health continued bad and I did not leave and almost coming to the conclusion that the
undertaking was too great for me under the circumstances.  I however remained at home about
four weeks and at length feeling my health somewhat improved - concluded to stand and make the
effort on Thursday the 11th August 1864.  This being the day before the anniversary of my
marriage which occured on the 12th August 1855.  As the time for my departure approached
many very many sad reflections crossed my mind - among others that I was again being called off
on a hazardous journey to bid a second farewell to my loved ones at home - the time at length
arrived - when I was again called on to say "farewell" to those I loved best on Earth and in whose
society I had spent nought but bliss and happiness.  I shall never forget that morning when my
sweet little children and devoted Mattie - clustered in a group around me - when the exchange of
the word "farewell" with sighs escaped each others lips and the warm, fond, affectionate and
devoted impress of a kiss lingered upon our lips - a short and earnest prayer to meet again - and
we separated stern duty demanding that I should go.  I started not knowing what route I should
travel after reaching San Antonio - being governed on my arrival there by circumstances -
determining however on reaching that point to take the shortest and most practicable route to
Matamoros.  It was then reported that the Federals had evacuated Brownsville and the Rio
Grande and it was believed that I could go pretty direct from San Antonio though this evacuation
was not positively known at this time.  I set out on the Stage as I before remarked for San
Antonio via Austin on Thursday morning 11th August.  I proceeded on my journey and took
dinner at Mr. Nicholson's in Bastrop - tea at Webberville and arriving at Austin about 11 o'clock
that night and as formerly put up with my old friend Dr. McCall when I was delayed by the
non-connection of the Stage to San Antonio until Saturday morning - taking the Stage at that time
I left arrivng in San Antonio at 12 o'clock that night and as usual put up at ‘Menger's Hotel'.  I
remained here until the following Sunday morning when I left in company with Mss. Scanlan,
McClintock, and Brady of Houston - Mr. Jones from Hempstead and two lady's from San
Antonio in two ambulances.  My society was quite agreeable - we had a very warm and
unpleasant time - found the water very scarce and warm the country almost an unbroken desert of
scrubby chapperal - abounding with cactus of many varieties - with little for man or beast to
subsist upon.  The road was fair after travelling about two hundred and twenty miles we arrived
the following sabbath evening at Ranchero Davis - or Rio Grande City - took dinner at ‘Clay
Davis" Hotel did not fair very sumptiously, but yet a considerably better than we had on the road. 
We crossed the River that afternoon arrived at the neat villiage of Comango - and passed the
night at Dr. ------ an intelligent and entertaining Englishman - our fair ?led (p.25) our most
sanguin expectations the next morning we started for Matamoros passing the viliages of Reinoso
Vejo and Reinoso San Antonio along this entire route the traveller is forcibly struck by the
numerous crosses erected along the road - from Comango to Matamoros - numbering many
hundreds - erected it is said by authority of the Catholic Clergymen for the purpose of reminding
the passerby of the fact that some one or more as the Crosses might indicate had fallen there by
the foul hand of the assassin and robber.  We arrived at Matamoros on Wednesday evening 31st
August 1864, and put up at the ‘Cosmopolitan Hotel'.  This City is said to contain a population of
about 25000 - of this number it is thought the foreigners constitute one third - drawn here from
various causes.  Some who fled here to avoid military duty to the Confederates - others deserted
their commands in the service of the Confederates and came here for safety - but most prominent
among the causes which added to the native population were those drawn here by the immense
contraband trade carried on here with the Confederates and speculations going on in the great
over-land cotton trade - which notwithstanding the many obstacles ?om in the way of its
exportation by the Military Authorities by impressments and other annoyances and hinderances
great quantities was attracted to this outlet by the renumerating prices paid for it here and in
foreign markets.  It is estimated that upwards of two hundred bales arrive here daily transported
here on ox and mule trains alone over a distance of from five hundred to one thousand two
hundred miles much of it necessarily arrives here in bad order.  Yet its average value here during
the month of September, October, November and December 1864 is $180.00 per bale - in specie. 
Many fortunes were made by the trade in an incredible short space of time - those who apeared to
deal most recklessly made the most money - owing to the continual enhancement of value in every
article of trade they invested in.  Men who in times of peace were bankrupt and who could make
no money in such times in legitimate trade from their boldness in traficing now many of them have
acquired immence fortunes - and that without the exercise of any good judgement as viewed in
times of peace in legitimate trade - as was natural to suppose this class of men were greatly
abused by the people and military authorities of Texas - notwithstanding the immense benefits
derived from this trade by the citizens and the military.  But this writer was one of those whose
great desire was to pass through this mighty struggle with only what property he possessed at its
commencement - and did not engage in trade or in speculations and as my time was mainly
absorbed in giving attention to business connected with the government I had no time to devote
to my private interest.  When I arrived at this point I found the City held by Genl. Cortina in the
interest of the "Juaraz" government but it was expected that the City would be attacked at any
time by the French troops in the interest of the Imperial government of the Emperor Maximillian. 
The river at the mouth was closely blockaded by the French troops and Navy and at that point a
very remarkable coincidence occured in the close proximity of four (4) contending armies - the
Confederates - the United States - and the French and the Mexican Army under Genl. Cortina for
several weeks time dragged heavily along - nothing occurring between the contending armies of
special interest.  The 16th Sept was celebrated by the Army and citizens with great ceremony as
the Anniversary of the Mexican Republicanism and liberty.  A few days after this from some as yet
unknown and unexplained cause so far as the writer is apprised a difficulty occured between the
Confederate Authorities and Genl Cortina and it was thought that the latter intended to unite his
forces with the Federals below and attempt to take Brownsville.  Genl. Cortina marched his forces
below here with the view of crossing the River to the Texas side but when he attempted to do so
Genl. Carralles his second in command with about one third of the troops refused to do so and
returned to Matamoros with his command, Genl. Cortinas nothing daunted crossed and was
attacked by the Confederates under C. Ford and was routed leaving many dead and wounded on
the field.  He recrossed the River with the balance of his command and returned to Matamoros to
adjust the difficulties arising from the defection of Genl. Carralles and his command.   A fight was
momentery expected between these two chieftains and their respective command every
preparation having been made apparently with that view, but after many interviews and
interchanges of sentiments they finally adjusted their misunderstanding without a resort to arms -
each party retaining command of his respective command.  This circumstance made it appear that
very little good feeling existed between these two chieftains nothwithstanding this adjustment -
unfriendly relations continued to exist between the Confederates and Genl. Cortina and a few of
us who happened to be on the Matamoros side of the River entertaining sentiments in keeping
with the Confederate Cause and who held our allegiance to that Government occupied a very
unenviable position not having permission to cross the River and watched by the Authorities here
with great circumspection - fearing we might be spies - as no communication whatever was
allowed if known with the beligerants - and what made our position worse was the many rumors
afloat that the Confederate officer was having the Mexican prisoners shot and otherwise
mistreated and it was thought that Genl Cortina would retaliate on Confederate visitors on this
side.  The Confederates on this side during this excitement kept together as much as was
practicable without creating suspicion in order that in case of difficulty that we might act as
promptly and as efficiently as possible.  We spent many nights during this short period without
sleep - with our arms conveniently secreted as they were not permitted if twas known that we had
them, they search the Hotels for them - but the owners expecting this took the precaution to
secret them and very few were found by the Authorities.  We however fortunately passed through
this ordeal unscathed.  About the 23rd an interview was sought and had between Genl. Cortina
and Col. Ford and the result was an amicable adjustment of the difficulties between them and
communication was again free and open between Brownsville and Matamoros.  At this time the
Imperial forces under Genl. Mejah was within 12 leagues of this place - his march was slow on
account of the condition of the road.  He however arrived in a few miles of this place on the
evening of the 25th Sept and on the morning of 26th demanded a surrender of the place after
some parlying it was submitted to unconditionally as I understood.   That evening the imperials
marched into Town with Genl. Mejah at their head numbering about five thousand men - all finely
drilled, disciplined, and armed - amidst the congratulations of the populace, the ringing of bells,
the displaying of flags, and the sound of music - and to the great joy of the many foreigners ? ?
(pg.33).  This was indeed a happy day to the Mexican citizen - affording him hope to believe that
their day of political deliverance had arrived from the numerous chieftans that for so many years
succeeded each other only to make their condition worse and to be ruled by banditta and robbers. 
No sooner had the Imperials posession of the City than it was strongly policed - and under the
efficient and able management of Genl Mejah everything was moved on admirably.  As is usual in
all Spanish countries - this is noted for its many feasts and holy days - scarcely a week passing
that some feast or something of the kind is observed with great attention by the natives.  The
Catholic religion is the dominent here and it is held in high esteem and reverently observed by the
Communicants who are very numerous.  The Priests appear indefatigable in their efforts to
administer to the wants of suffering humanity in their attentions to the sick and distressed of their
flock - and paying the last sad rites to the dead.  Their practicability - their zeal, and continued
efforts for good makes this writer much more tolerant towards that class than early education and
training led him to be.  I find much in their life enobling and to admire - much that the Protestant
world could imitate with profit to themselves and the world, and that would in no degree
compromise their character as Christians.  Among the feasts mentioned before was one lasting
four days when the Emperor and the Empress was regularly inaugurated or installed - this was a
time of great display by the military and civilians, marching firing artilery, music, dancing, High
Mass and many other things to make the occasion and of pleasure and enjoyment.  On or about
25th November witnessed the melancholy spectacle of the military execution of two Americans
for robbing a Stage in the vicinity of Matamoros.  These two men ‘Vance' and -------- had seen
better days, the former is said to have been highly educated and of good and respectable
parentage and a nephew of Governor Vance of North Carolina whose family is said to own great
wealth extending to the immediate family of the unfortunate man, this is made more sad from the
fact of his having a wife and two interesting children.  The cause of his misstep and fatal error he
attributes to ardent spirits and cards and being away from home and consequently from all the
restraints known around that hallowed spot.  Him and his unfortunate comrade met their fate with
uncommon daring and courage - accompanied by the Priest, a Squad of Solgiers (their
executioners) and many spectators who were attracted to this bloody tragedy mainly from
curiosity, they marched from their place of imprisonment just as the sun was rising in the East and
dispelling the darkness of night and gently spreading its effulgent rays ?? (p.36) the horizon, bold,
firm, erect and with scarce an emotion of fear marched to the fatal spot.  Then after a few
moments spent in earnest secret conversation with the Priest and an old friend - they were left
alone.  Then the order was given - after marching within about nine feet of the culprits the
executionors was commanded in Spanish - Make ready - Take aim - Fire!  The fell with scarce a
struggle, on of them showing some signs of life - was shot several times after falling.  Vance had
held the commission of Capt in the Confederate Army and twas said had been in many
engagements and acted with great galantry but poor unfortunate man in an evil hour he fell a
victim to temptation and died a culprit.  Let us cast the shadow of charity over his grave - and
drop a tear of sympathy for his bereaved and loved ones far away at his distant and once happy
home.  It is now Christmas and to my astonishment (knowing the disposition of the Mexicans) I
would scarcely have known this ancient and time-honored occasion had returned from any
outward display or observance of this anniversary of the birth of our Blessed Redeemer.  I have
spent this Christmas very unpleasantly owing to the delicate state of health - and my earnest wish
to have spent these Holy days with my fond and loved ones at home.  While it is always a pleasure
to be with those you love best on Earth - your wife and children - it is the universal wish on
occasions like this to be in the immediate home circle and enjoy all the fruition of pure and
devoted affection.  Home to be with my loved ones is the ?? of happiness - in that sacred circle
and retreat dwells pure and unmixed love.  Tis their heart beats responsive to heart and love
assumes its mild and chastened supremacy.  Tis their all motives are good - all desires pure - all
reflections refined - and all emotions purified.  Its joys and y joys, it sorrows are mine - tis this
which smooths the rough and rugged pathway of life - and bids us cling to it with such
unfaultering tenacity.  This is the second Christmas I have spent from home - and it brings to mind
many reflections.  The oft recurring interrogatory suggests itself to the mind - When will the
American War close? Oh!  When will that happy moment arrive - when peace with its multiplied
blessings once again ?? our once happy but now distressed and bleeding country - When those
long absent from loved ones will be privileged to return to their firesides and fondly and
affectionately embrace those from whom they have been so long separated.  Is there not enough
of blood shed - Carnage and devastation? - to fully satisfy the most wicked and craving ambition? 
Have the American people so forgotten their once boasted civilization and religion - Have they
forgotten all the teachins of Him who councelled "Peace on Earth and good will towards men" -
Or are they resolved to move on in this cruel and unrelenting struggle til ambition pauses in its
efforts for want of some object upon which to reek its vengence - Til this fair land shall no longer
smile with plenty - Till every City, Hamlet and Villiage - shall become the rendezvouz of the Owl
and the bat and the cry of the poor, the widow and the orphan for bread shall be heard throughout
this land.  May God in Infinite Goodness give us that for which so much sigh - Peace in His own
good time and in His own way.
     Often during my sojourn here have I been blessed in the reception of letters from my
devoted Mattie - and how often in my melancholy moments have I read and reread her
affectionate letters - so full of love and so pure - How anxiously have I looked for the arrival of
the mail to bless me with these cherished weekly gifts.  It is these in my protracted absence that
teach me of home and my loved children - and brings up so freshly to my mind all the sacred
associations which so sweetly cluster around that loved spot.
     In taking a reflective view of my past life at least during the past year - I find to my sorrow
that I have not improved my time as I should have done in a religious point of view.  In that brief
?? of time I have done much that I regreat and omitted much that was my duty and privilege to do
as one professing Christianity ?? this eventful year in my history - becoming convinced from a
careful reading of the Holy Scriptures that Immersion was Scriptural Baptism - and ???? (p. 41) ..
of a good Conscience" I gladly availed myself of its benefits at LaGrange Texas about 6th August
1864 in the Colorado River in the presence of my beloved family and many others.  The ceremony
was performed and the ordinance administered by the Rev. Mr.--- a minister in the Christian
church - during the past year it has been my misfortune to attend preaching and religious worship
very little - being away from home and in a foreign land the most of this year - Where the Catholic
religion is the national and predominate one and whose worship and ceremonies are all conducted
in a language not spoken or understood by me.  
     This is the last day of the year 1864 - a bleak cold norther is blowing the day is clear - and
the Heavens unclouded.  Oh! How thankful ought I to feel to my Heavenly Father - for his
protection during this past year - surrounded as I have been by Perils on every hand and for his
goodness towards my loved ones at home.  Oh!  May his grace sustain me in future and lead me in
that strait and narrow path with my family to life eternal - May my purposes and good intentions
be fixed and stable and the Great object and concern of my future life be passed alone with
reference to Eternity - And in all the trials through which I may be called to pass - May the way
be made for my escape.  May it be my great delight to know and do my Master's will - May I
search the scriptures closely and prayerfully with the view of ascertaining and performing my duty
as a Christian.  May my example be for good and may all my acts strictly comport with my
profession.  And may God in His infinite goodness at last bring me and my beloved family to the
enjoyment of the "Saints everlasting rest" where we may be enabled to praise His glorious name
more perfectly through the lapse of a neverending Eternity.
     Thus has closed the year 1864 with all its cares, its trials, its hopes, its fears and its mighty
responsibility.  May the lessons and truths we have learned during its brief lapse for good be
treasured up in our hearts and unerringly point us in the path of duty in the future and may our
Heavenly Father vouchsafe in His goodness and mercy to give Peace to our distracted and
bleeding country during the year 1865.

Jany 1st 1865
     This is clear and beautiful Sabbath morning and finds me at Matamoros Mexico boarding
at the Cosmopolitan Hotel.  I wrote to my beloved Mattie today and anxiously, but in vain looked
for one from her.  The day has passed off quietly.  I was advised today of the loss of the "Jno
Bull" at the Boco Del Rio - with 1300 b. cotton - 127 of which belonged to my employer T. W.
House of Houston - but I don't think his loss will amount to much as it is covered by Insurance
through the house of Fredrick Huth & Co. At Liverpool to whom it was consigned.  As is usual
with me I opened the Bible this morning and my eyes rested on the 74th Psalm - which fact I
mentioned to my beloved in my letter today.  I have not felt very well today.

Jany 2.
     On this day I received an affectionate letter from my loving Wife informing me that all my
loved ones at home were well, and much other agreeable information.  I also rec'd letters from my
friend A. T. Bradshaw and my esteemed mother-in-law Mrs. Eanes.  Nothing of special interest
occured in Matamoras today.  I wrote to my friend T. W. House advising him of his loss of 127
bales of cotton from "Jno Bull".

3rd
     On this day I consumated a money transaction with Droege Oetling & Co. for which they
are to pay me 6% interest per annum - and to pay the principal at anytime on the reception of my
draft.  I wrote to Mrs. Eanes today - as also to A. T. Bradshaw in answer to theirs received on
yesterday.  A reported advance in cotton in the Liverpool Market - then ranging at from 26 to 28
but its effects are not expected here as yet.

Jany 4th 1865
     I wrote to my devoted wife today - which is a great pleasure to me.  I also wrote to my
friend T. W. House a few lines.  By the latest New Orleans papers Sherman's Army is reported in
6 miles of Savannah Georgia.  By still later news - Sherman is reported having captured Fort
McCallister below Savanah and in communication with the fleet outside.  Federal Genl. Thomas
reported sucessful in a contest near Nashville with Genl. Hood.

5th
     A French sea Capt died at our Hotel today of Pluresy and his body was sent to N. Orleans. 
Rec'd news of considerable advance in cotton in Liverpool Market - middling quoted at 28th or
about 55/ Quite a norther blowing this morning.

Jany 6th 1865
     Rec'd a very interesting letter from my ‘Mattie' advising me that my sweet little Ann
could walk - and that all was well - this is very agreeable news to me.  Wrote a letter today to my
old friend W. R. Polland.  Still cool, but no frost weather, very clear.

7th
     Met with Mr. House's son-in-law Mr. Caldwell today he is a clever gentleman.  Weather
much warmer than yesterday.  Two deserters from the Confederate Army sent over to
Brownsville by order of Genl. Mejai to Genl. Slaughter, some understanding it seems having been
had on this subject between them.  Good cotton selling here - at 35 to 36c.  Business quite dull
here for past ten days.  Improvements going up rapidly since the occupation of the City by the
Imperial forces.

Sunday Jany 8th 1865
     Another beautiful Sabbath has returned.  I read five chapters in my pocket Testament -
being the five chapters contained in 1st John.  They contain many precious promises.  On this day
I wrote a letter to my devoted and loving wife - and one to my dear children.  I also had the great
pleasure of receiving one from my own dear wife - which I have read and reread frequently.

9th
     Rec'd New Orleans papers of 3rd inst., confirming the fall of Savanah by being evacuated
by the Confederate forces under Genl. Hardee on the night 20th Dec ‘64.  Also the falling back
and fighting of the Confederate forces near Nashville under Genl. Hood.  Finished my letter to my
dear wife  - wrote yesterday.  Wrote to my friend T. W. House.  Very hard norther blowing and
quite cold.  Some middling cotton sold today at 34c.

10th
     Today was very cold and disagreeable.  Streets very dusty.  Wreck of "Jno Bull" & 1373
bale cotton which went down on it sold for $700.00.  Sent letters by my friend Mr. Slack of
Washington Texas to the interior of Texas.

11th 
     Called on Genl. Slaughter at Brownsville, was received very cordially and spent an hour at
his headquarters very agreeably.  A train of six large mule wagons arrived in Matamoros loaded
with specie from Monterey bringing one and a half million Silver.  This is the largest amount of
specie I ever saw at one time.  Met ‘Vevien' the Hotel keeper from Eagle Pass who fed me on so
much beef livers and hearts in May and June last.  Had a conversation with my friend Mr.
McMiller on religious subjects our opinions harmonized in the main.

Jany 12th 1865
     Wrote to my affectionate wife - which is always a great pleasure to me.  Also wrote two
letters to my friend T. W. House.  Heard of the capture of two schooners and taken to New
Orleans in attempting to run the blockade into Galveston.  Owned principally by Mr. T. W.
House.  Madame Anna Bishop arrived in Matamoros.  She is distinguished as a vocalist.  Traded
watches and paid $75.00 difference.  Weather damp and cool.

13th
     Weather very disagreeable quite a shower this morning.  Middling cotton is selling at 35c. 
Sent letters to the interior of Texas by Geo. Ennis.  Religious ceremonies at the Catholic Church
today for the benefit of some distinguished citizen shot here by order of Juaraz government -
twelve months ago.  Had my watch regulated at an expense of $2.50.

Jany 14th 1865
     Very damp cool disagreeable day.  Stayed in my room most of the day with Bro. McMiller
of Washington Texas frequently spoke of our loved ones at home.  At night I attended the
Concert of Madame Anne Bishop and Chas. Lacelas.  Was very well pleased with their
performance.  Wrote a letter to my dear Mother.  After ?? to bed and falling asleep - our rest was
disturbed by the quarlling of two or three men who seemed to be drinking and very much angered
at something.

15th
     Sunday is upon us again.  Slept very late this morning - until nearly 9 o'clock.   Eat
breakfast and read two chapters in my Bible - and then wrote to my devoted Mattie - during the
day I received a letter from my very affectionate wife - informing me that all were well.  Also
received a letter from my brother P. Y. McAshan.

Monday 16th Jany 1865
     Went to Brownsville this morning and called on Genl. Slaughter - was kindly rec'd and
mailed letters home.  The day was quite cool and dry.  My friends Maj. Carr and C. W. Hunley
left for Havana.  Middling cotton selling in this market today at 36c.

17th 
     Quite cool - but a little warmer than yesterday - bought a shawl and nubia for my very
dear wife - wrote to my brother P. Y. Mc.  Fight occured in streets - parties speedily as usual
arrested by police.

18th
     Warm, damp and cloudy.  Wrote to my affectionate wife which is a great pleasure to me. 
Great defeat of the Federals under Butler at Willmington - according to news rec'd today. 
Concluded to remain for the present at the ‘Cosmopolitan Hotel'.
Thusday 19th
     Very damp and disagreeable. Sent letters to my devoted wife and other members of my
family.  No news of special interest.

20th
     My friend Mr. McMillen left on Stage for his home in Texas.  The weather continues
damp and disagreeable.  News rec'd of the repulse of the Federal Expedition against Wilmington
and the cap of many prisoners on the part of the Federals.

21st
     Assisted J. R. Burns in felling his bill.  Cotton is dull of sale for middling grades at 35c.  I
have not felt well today although I kept moving about most of the day.  J. R. Burns son was out
until about 8 o'clock at night causing him great uneasiness.

Sunday 22nd Jany 1865
     My rest was considerably disturbed last night.  I did not feel well and I arose this morning
not feeling well.  Read seven chapters in my Testament - eat very little breakfast and then sit
down and wrote to my beloved Mattie.  We are having a very cool norther.

23rd
     Very cold day and finds me quite unwell.  Received a long and very interesting letter from
my dear wife informing me that all were well.

24th
     Being very cold and I feeling quite unwell remained in my room most of the day.

25th
     It is still cold and damp.  Wrote to Mr. House advising him I was not well and in reference
to other matters.