Family Tree Maker's Genealogy Site: Genealogy Report: Ancestors of Margaret May Harvey

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Ancestors of Margaret May Harvey

400. Domnall McMorgain Of Dalriada, died Unknown. He was the son of 800. Morgain Of Dalriada.

Child of Domnall McMorgain Of Dalriada is:

200

Ruardri Mormaer Of Moray, born in of Argyle; died Unknown.

404. Kenneth II King Of Alba, born Abt. 932 in Scotland; died 995 in Iona, Argyllshire, Scotland. He was the son of 808. Malcolm I King Of Alba.

More About Kenneth II King Of Alba:
Title or Name 1: Bet. 971 - 995, King of Scots ²⁸
Title or Name 2: King of Alba

Children of Kenneth II King Of Alba are:

		i.		Dunclina Of The Scots, died Unknown; married Kenneth O'Neill; born 960; died 1030.
	202	ii.		Malcolm II King Of Alba, born 958 in Albon; died 25 Nov 1034 in Glamis, Forfarshire, Scotland; married Aelgifu.

      416. Capt John Ogle I, born 25 Nov 1621 in Eglingham or Morpeth, Northumberland; died Bef. 11 Jun 1686 in Eglingham, Northumberland. He was the son of 832. Capt Henry I Ogle and 833. Jane Forster. He married 417. Eleanor Pringle Abt. 1643 in Berwick on Tweed, Northumberland.

      417. Eleanor Pringle, born 1625 in Stichill, Scotland; died 1736 in Northumberland. She was the daughter of 834. Robert~ Pringle and 835. Unknown Wife Of Robert Pringle.

More About John Ogle and Eleanor Pringle:
Marriage: Abt. 1643, Berwick on Tweed, Northumberland

Children of John Ogle and Eleanor Pringle are:

208	i.	John* Ogle II, born 30 Sep 1644 in Berwick on Tweed, Northumberland, England; died Bef. 08 Feb 1683/84 in Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware Colony; married (1) Elizabeth? Wollaston; married (2) Elisabeth Petersdotter 1667 in New Castle County, Delaware Colony.
	ii.	Henry Ogle, died 17 Jan 1700/01; married (1) Apollina Howard; died Unknown; married (2) Grace Widdrington; died Unknown.
	iii.	Robert Ogle, died 21 Feb 1736/37; married Dorothy Grey; died Unknown.
	iv.	Margaret Ogle, died Unknown; married Unknown Manners; died Unknown.
	v.	Anne Ogle, died Unknown; married Thomas Weener; died Unknown.

418. Peter*~ Jochimsson, born in Schleswig, Holstein [Denmark]; died Abt. Jul 1654 in New Amsterdam, New Netherlands. He married 419. Ella* Olofsdotter Stille 1651.

419. Ella* Olofsdotter Stille, born 1634 in Roslagen, Sweden; died 1718 in Gloucester County, New Jersey Colony. She was the daughter of 838. Olof Persson* Stille.

Notes for Peter*~ Jochimsson:
http://www.colonialswedes.org/Forefathers/Yocum.html

Peter Jochimsson and his Yocum Descendants

by Dr. Peter Stebbins Craig
Fellow, American Society of Genealogists
Fellow, Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania
Historian, Swedish Colonial Society

originally published in Swedish Colonial News,
Volume 1, Number 15 (Spring 1997)

Peter Jochimsson, born in Schleswig in Holstein, was enrolled in Gothenburg in September 1642 to serve as a soldier in New Sweden at a wage of ten guilders per month. He sailed to the colony on the Fama, the same ship that carried the new Governor, Johan Printz.

In New Sweden, Peter Jochim (as he was usually called) was first assigned to the new Fort Elfsborg near the mouth of present Salem Creek NJ. Later, when the Dutch in 1648 built Fort Beversrede at Passyunk on the Schuylkill, he was transferred to Fort Korsholm on the Schuylkill. The Dutch commander complained that in September 1648 Peter Jochim "contemptuously pulled the palisades of Fort Beversrede apart and broke through them, making use of great insolence by words as well as deeds." The Swedes built a house in front of the Dutch fort, blocking its view from the river. They also prevented Dutch freemen from settling in the area, effectively preserving the trade with the Indians for themselves.

Stuyvesant countered in 1651 by abandoning Fort Beversrede and Fort Nassau (on the east side of the Delaware) and building a new fort at present New Castle (Fort Casimir). To counter this move, Printz sought declarations from the Indians that the new fort was built illegally on land sold by the Indians to the Swedes. Peter Jochimsson was instrumental in obtaining the needed affidavit from the Indians, which was signed at Fort Elfsborg on 3 July 1651.

Shortly thereafter, Peter Jochim married Ella Stille, daughter of Olof Stille. They made their home at Aronameck on the west shore of the Schuylkill. Their first child was born in 1652, and on 1 November 1652 Peter Jochim was granted his discharge and made a freeman.

As a freeman, Peter Jochim joined his father-in-law and 20 other freemen in filing a protest with Governor Printz on 27 July 1653, seeking relief from the Governor's oppressive treatment of the freemen, particularly the Finns. This was the last straw for the tormented Governor, who packed up his substantial belongings and returned to Sweden via New Amsterdam and Amsterdam.

Upon the arrival of the new Governor, Johan Rising, in May 1654, the Dutch fort surrendered to the Swedes without a shot being fired. Peter Jochim then found his services in demand once more. As one of the few freemen who could read and write and being well-known to the Dutch, Peter Jochim was chosen by Rising to travel overland to New Amsterdam (Manhattan) to deliver a diplomatic letter to Governor Stuyvesant and to find out his intentions towards New Sweden. Peter Jochim and his Indian guide Taques left on 27 May 1654. Taques returned on 25 June with a letter from Jochim reporting that he had become ill in Manhattan and was too sick to return. Shortly thereafter, Rising received a bill from Stuyvesant for 127 guilders for Jochim's burial.

Ella Stille Jochim, widowed at the age of 20, married Hans Månsson later in 1654. He took over operation of the Aronameck plantation and raised her two children by Peter Jochim as his own. In addition, Ella had six additional sons, the eldest of whom, John Hansson, was bom in 1655. Hans Månsson died in Senamensing NJ c. 1690. Thereafter, Ella and her sons by her second marriage adopted the surname of Steelman. Ella died in 1718 at the home of her youngest son, Eric Steelman, in Gloucester County NJ.

Peter Jochim and Ella Stille had two children:

1. Peter Petersson, born in 1652, grew up in a household where his closest friend was his half-brother, John Hansson Steelman, born in 1655. Both became Indian traders with John Hans Steelman becoming a big-time operator, establishing trading posts in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Peter, however, remained at Aronameck, which became his own in 1681 when Hans Månsson, having moved to New Jersey, sold the tract to Peter Petersson Yocum, the new surname which Peter had adopted. It was derived, of course, from his father's patronymic. The new spelling can be blamed on the English clerks. Although many spelling variations are to be found, the surname became standardized as Yocum, except among descendants of Jonas, who chose the Yocom spelling.

Peter Petersson Yocum was married c. 1675 to Judith, daughter of Jonas Nilsson. Aside from farming and trading with the Indians, Peter also served as an Indian interpreter for William Penn in the negotiation of new treaties and owned a small gristmill on Mill Creek, a creek just south of present Woodlands Cemetery. He died in 1702 and by his will asked to be buried at Gloria Dei Church in Philadelphia. His widow Judith moved to Berks County with two of her younger sons. She died at Manatawny in Berks County in 1727 and is buried at St. Gabriels Church in Douglassville.

Peter Petersson Yocum and Judith Jonasdotter Nilsson had ten children:

> Peter Yocum, born 1677, died 1753 in Upper Merion Township; married Elizabeth; one surviving son.
> Måns Yocum, born 1678, died 1722 at Aronameck in Kingsessing; married Margaret Boon; no children.
> Catharine Yocum, born 1681, died 1723; married Swan Justis; 5 children.
> Charles Yocum, born. 1682, died 1741, Kingsessing; married Ann Supplee; one son and one daughter.
> Swan Yocum, born 1685, died 1758, Kingsessing; married Joanna Collins; two surviving sons.
> Julia Yocum, born 1687, not traced.
> Jonas Yocum, born 1689, died 1760, Douglass Township, Berks County; married Hannah Enochson; survived by two sons and three daughters.
> Anders Yocum, born 1693, died after 1734, Kingsessing; married Elizabeth Trollup; survived by one son and three daughters.
>John Yocum, born 1696, died 1727, Berks County; never married.
> Maria Yocum, born c. 1699; married William Morgan.

2. Elizabeth Petersdotter, born in 1654, moved from her home as a teenager to help in the household of her uncle, Anders Stille, living on Christina River. Here she met and married John Ogle, an English soldier who had participated in the English conquest of the Delaware in 1664. John Ogle and Rev. Jacob Fabritius were indicted in 1675 for inciting the Swedes and Finns to riot in opposition to orders of the New Castle Court to build a dike and road for Hans Block, a Dutchman.

John Ogle and Anders Stille made their homes at Christiana Bridge, Christina River. Ogle, a big speculator in lands and tobacco, died insolvent in the winter of 1683/4. Adding to his widow's troubles was a 1684 raid by Colonel James Talbot from Maryland which resulted in the destruction of her hay and the building of a Maryland "fort" on her property. Elizabeth Ogle and Anders Stille then sold their property and moved to White Clay Creek. She lived at the "Hopyard," which had been surveyed for her husband the year before. Unable to pay all of the estate's debts, Elizabeth Ogle was discharged from all further debts of her husband on 17 June 1690 by the New Castle Court. Meanwhile, her brother Peter Petersson Yocum in 1687 had purchased the "Hopyard" to protect it from creditors. Elizabeth died before 12 Sept. 1702 when John Hans Steelman and Judith Yocum, as executors of the Yocum estate, sold the property.

John and Elizabeth Ogle had two sons:

> Thomas Ogle, bom c. 1672, died 1734 in White Clay Creek Hundred, New Castle County; married [1] Mary Crawford, [2] widow Elizabeth Graham.,
> John Ogle, born c. 1674, died 1720 in White Clay Creek Hundred; married widow Elizabeth Harris.
[]

http://www.genealogia.fi/emi/art/index4e.htm
SWEDISH COLONIAL SOCIETY WEBSITE

Finns in the New Sweden Colony
Reino Kero
The Delaware Colony as Part of Sweden's Aspirations to be a World Power

At the beginning of the 1600s Sweden was a world power whose troops fought successfully in Germany, Poland, the Baltic, Russia, and Denmark. Sweden's land holdings grew noticeably at the expense of her neighbors. In addition to the pursuit of power in Europe, Sweden like many other European countries established trading companies that specialized in forging avenues of trade to Africa, Asia, and America. It was the responsibility of the companies to fill the royal treasury riches from beyond the Atlantic. The initial plans to establish trading companies had begun by the mid 1620s. These plans began to materialize when the Swedes, in collaboration with the Dutch, established a trading company which was to do business in the West. With the help of the Dutch and above all, a man named Peter Minuit, the company gained a foothold on the lower Delaware River. The trading post was named New Sweden and the first colonists arrived from Sweden in 1638.

New Sweden did not remain Sweden's only colonial venture. In 1649 the Swedes established their African Company, whose base of operations was located on the Gold Coast in West Africa, and which sought to export slaves, gold, and ivory from the African continent.

The New Sweden colony was situated along the Delaware River in an area made up of portions of present day Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and New Jersey. The first Swedish ship arrived only 18 years after the famous Mayflower had landed in Massachusetts. Nevertheless, the Swedes were latecomers to the Delaware region. The English and Dutch had already made territorial claims to the area ever since the 1610s. In fact, the Dutch themselves had attempted the settlement of the Delaware River valley. When the Swedes arrived on the Delaware, the Dutch West Indies Trading Company considered the region to be their own.1

The Dutch provided half of the funding as well as the direction for the first expedition sent from Sweden to the Delaware region. The leader was a Dutchman named Peter Minuit, who had long been active in New Holland before the founding of New Sweden. In 1642 the New Sweden Trading Company was reorganized when the Dutch found the company to be a bad investment and withdrew from the venture. After this, the trading company was almost entirely Swedish and the Crown had a direct hand in its management. The company was reorganized again in 1654-55 and documents indicate that from this point on, it was called the American Company. In September of 1655 Sweden lost the colony to the Dutch, who were led by the energetic and skillful Peter Stuyvesant. Dutch rule, in turn, ended in 1664 when the English took control of the area.

Sweden sent a total of twelve expeditions to their colony, of which ten arrived safely. The first of these left at the end of 1637 and the last one departed in November of 1655. One of the ships destined for the colony shipwrecked near Puerto Rico in August of 1649. As a result of a navigational error, the expedition which left Sweden in the spring of 1654 arrived in Manhattan, the center of Dutch activity and was seized by the Hollanders.

The last expedition sent out by the Swedes arrived safely, but not until March 1656 by which time New Sweden had already come under the control of the Dutch. In fact, Sweden had already lost the colony by the time the last expedition set sail. Some years later, immigrants from Värmland's Finnish forest regions arrived in Delaware on their own, that is, they were not sent by the Swedish government. The last of these did not arrive until the beginning of the 1660s. When these immigrants are added to the ones who had arrived in the colony during the Dutch period, then a total of about 1000 immigrants came to North America.

Economic factors played a key role in the founding of the colony. The Swedish Crown expected trade with the Indians to be lucrative. When the colony finally materialized, however, the objectives established for this trade were never achieved. The traders, of course, managed to buy furs from the Indians, but the most important item in the trade was tobacco, which the Swedes had tried to grow by themselves with dismal results, but which they managed to buy from Europeans in nearby areas. The sale of the tobacco was easy and highly profitable, since the company enjoyed a monopoly in the tobacco trade during the years 1642-1649. This monopoly was broken at the beginning of the 1650s, but when Charles Gustav X ascended to the throne, he restored the company's sole right to tobacco importation.
[]

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN

Two duchies located along the border of Germany and Denmark.
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0843963.html

Schleswig [shles'vikh] Schleswig , Dan. Slesvig, former duchy, N Germany and S Denmark, occupying the southern part of Jutland. The Eider River separates it from Holstein. German Schleswig forms part of Schleswig-Holstein. Danish Schleswig, known as North Schleswig (Dan. Nordslesvig or Sønderjylland) includes the cities of Åbenrå, Haderslev, Sønderborg, and Tønder, and was incorporated with Denmark following a plebiscite in 1920.

The duchy of Schleswig, created in 1115, was a hereditary fief held from the kings of Denmark. King Waldemar III (who had been duke of Schleswig as Waldemar V) conferred Schleswig on his uncle, Gerhard, and granted a charter forbidding the union of Schleswig and Denmark under a single overlord. In 1386 the count of Holstein received Schleswig as a hereditary fief. His descendant, Christian I of Denmark, inherited (1460) both Schleswig and Holstein, but he was obliged to recognize the inseparability of the two territories and to affirm that they were bound to the Danish crown by a personal union only.

In the 16th cent. Schleswig and Holstein (which had also become a duchy) underwent complex subdivisions, although theoretically the principle of the inseparability of the two duchies was not violated. The three main divisions were: a ducal portion, including parts of both duchies, which was conferred on Adolphus, duke of Holstein-Gottorp, younger brother of Christian III of Denmark, and on his descendants, the dukes of Holstein-Gottorp; a royal portion, including parts of both duchies, ruled directly by the Danish kings; and a common portion, ruled jointly by the Danish kings and the dukes of Holstein-Gottorp.

By the Treaty of Roskilde (1658) the Danish crown renounced its suzerainty over ducal Schleswig; the resulting quarrels between Denmark and the duke of Holstein-Gottorp were a major factor in the Northern War (1700–1721), which ended with the dispossession of Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp and the union of the ducal portion of Schleswig with the Danish crown. Grand Duke Paul (later Emperor Paul I), renounced (1773) the ducal portion of Holstein, yielding it to the Danish crown, in exchange for Oldenburg. Thus all Schleswig and Holstein were once more united under the Danish kings. The events related in the article Schleswig-Holstein led to the annexation (1866) of both duchies by Prussia.

Holstein

Holstein, former duchy, N central Germany, the part of Schleswig-Holstein S of the Eider River. Kiel and Rendsburg were the chief cities. For a description of Holstein and for its history after 1814, see Schleswig-Holstein. For a time part of the duchy of Saxony, Holstein was created (1111) a county of the Holy Roman Empire and was bestowed on Adolf of Schauenburg. In 1459, Holstein's Christian I, a Danish heir to the throne, established a personal union with Denmark, to the great displeasure of the German majority. In 1474, Emperor Frederick III raised Holstein to a duchy under the immediate suzerainty of the Holy Roman Empire (as distinct from Schleswig, which was outside the imperial jurisdiction).
[]

http://www.ahnenforschung-sh.de/history/e/history.htm

Hans Peter Voss
Genealogical Research Service in SH
An de Marsch 6
D - 25557 Steenfeld
GERMANY

History of Schleswig Holstein

...Towards the end of the Great Migrations of the Germanic peoples which began around A.D. 250, the Saxons who had come from the area around the northern Elbe River had settled in central and western Holstein. The Slav tribes had populated eastern Holstein. Danes and Jutes had moved to southeastern Schleswig, and the Frisians had populated western Schleswig and the islands in the North Sea.

The area settled by the Saxons was bounded by the Eider river in the north, the North Sea towards the west, and the Elbe river in the south. The eastern boundary was formed by a line running from the Kiel Fjord via the Schwentine river and the middle Trave river to Boizenburg. Around 800, three distinct areas had formed: Dithmarschen, Holstein and Stormarn.

Around 800, in the course of expanding Christianity northward, the Frankish tribes of Charlemagne occupy this area. In 810 Charlemagne builds a castle on the River Stör near Itzehoe. The western boundary of Frankish influence lies at the line Kiel Fjord - Boizenburg, the northern boundary is the Eider river. In 974 a conflict arises between the Franks and the Danes; the latter are defeated at the Danevirke, a series of ramparts begun in 737 between the Hollingstedt on the Treene river in the west and the head of the Sliefjord near Haithabu and the present-day Schleswig in the east. Christianity expands throughout northern Europe. Denmark develops into a world power and conquers England. The King of Denmark assumes the titles and powers of King of England, King of Scotland and King of Norway.

The King of Denmark and Emperor Konrad II develop friendly relations. The Emperor relinquishes his control over the area between the Eider river and the Sliefjord; this area remains uninhabited. The Eider river is recognized as the southern boundary of the Danish empire.

After further wars with the Slavs who are defeated around 1090, Duke Lothar of Saxony invests Count Adolf of Schauenburg with Holstein and Stormarn.

In 1187 the Danes occupy the island of Rügen as well as Pomerania and Mecklenburg. During the war of 1200-1203, the Danish King Knud and his brother, Duke Waldemar of Schleswig, conquer Holstein, Stormarn, Hamburg, Lübeck and Ratzeburg.

In the Battle of Bornhöved on July 22, 1227, the Danish King Waldemar II is defeated. Denmark loses the conquered provinces and cities and the Eider river is re-established as the southern boundary of the Danish kingdom.

Count Adolf IV of Schauenburg reclaims the County of Holstein-Stormarn.

In 1237, Duke Abel of Schleswig marries the daughter of Count Adolf IV of Holstein-Stormarn and thus establishes a relationship between the two houses. In 1275 the title of 'Duke of Schleswig' becomes a hereditary one, thereby ensuring the succession within the family. Extraordinary taxes are no longer remitted to the King of Denmark but instead are paid to the Duke of Schleswig. In 1260, Mechtild, the widow of Duke Abel of Schleswig, mortgages her possessions between the Eider river and the Sliefjord in favour of her brothers the counts Gerhard I and Johann I.

Other areas, such as the City of Eckernförde and the Danish Wold, are mortgaged in favour of the Holsteiners. The borders are now open, and many members of the Holstein nobility penetrate into the border areas and settle there.

In Denmark, disputes arise between the nobles and the Danish King Christopher II. The nobles request the Duke of Schleswig for assistance. Count Gerhard III of Rendsburg is acting on behalf of his minor nephew, Duke Valdemar V of Schleswig (the son of Duke Abel of Schleswig).

In 1326, King Christopher II is defeated in the battle of Hesterberg near Schleswig, and is banished. Count Gerhard III forces the Danish nobility to elect his nephew, Duke Valdemar V of Schleswig, King of Denmark. Count Gerhard III is appointed guardian and regent, and governs the kingdom. The charter of 1326 documenting these events and decisions stipulates that the Duchy of Schleswig shall never be possessed by the King of Denmark. In light of Valdemar V’s accession to the throne, Count Gerhard III is invested with the Duchy of Schleswig as a hereditary possession. For the first time, Schleswig and Holstein are united under a member of the Schauenburg dynasty.

Accordingly, since 1290 there are five ruling branches of the House of Schauenburg, named after the locations of their respective strongholds: Segeberg, Kiel, Plön, Pinneberg and Rendsburg.

Additionally, Gerhard III is ceded the island of Fun, Johann III of Plön receives the island of Lolland in addition to Fehmarn. When King Christopher II returns to the throne in 1330, the Duchy of Schleswig reverts to a Duke of the Abel lineage, however, Count Gerhard III retains control of Schleswig, receives Northern Jutland as security and the island of Fun as hereditary fiefdom.

On the death of King Christopher II in 1332, almost all of Denmark has been mortgaged in favour of Count Gerhard III and Johann III who are jointly governing the country. In 1340 Count Gerhard III is murdered during an attempt to put down an uprising in Jutland. This sets off a struggle for control of Schleswig that is to last for 100 years.

King Valdemar IV Atterdag who reigns from 1340 to 1375 succeeds in redeeming the mortgages and to re-unite most of the country. However, his attack on the town of Visby and his conquest of the Island of Gotland results in a state of war with the Hanseatic League and with Sweden and Norway. The Dukes of Holstein fight on the side of the Hanseatic League. A peace treaty is signed in Stralsund on May 24, 1370 and a further settlement in Flensburg in 1373. The Counts withdraw from the occupied North Jutland, however, they retain the greater part of Schleswig as security. In 1375 the last remaining Duke of Schleswig (of Abel’s descendants) dies, and shortly afterwards so does Valdemar IV Atterdag, the last of the Danish royal dynasty of Sven Estridsen.

Margaret, the youngest daughter of Valdemar IV and the widow of the Norwegian King Haakon, now assumes the responsibilities of government in Denmark on behalf of her minor son Olav. When Olav dies in 1387 Margaret is crowned Queen of Denmark. On August 15, 1386 she invests Count Gerhard VI of Rendsburg with Schleswig as a hereditary Dukedom. This unites Schleswig and Holstein, and the ducal crests of Schleswig and Holstein form the combined crest of Schleswig-Holstein. Count Gerhard is killed in battle in Dithmarschen in 1404; inheritance disputes arise. In 1410 the war over the possession of Schleswig begins when the Holsteiners attack Flensburg.

The newly crowned Danish King Christopher III is forced on April 30, 1440 to transfer the entire Duchy of Schleswig to Duke Adolf VIII as hereditary fiefdom. This unites Schleswig and Holstein as one state under one ruler. Except for the Pinneberg line, all other counties are now under the control of descendants of the Rendsburg line.

When Duke Adolf VIII dies in 1459 without an heir, no other Count can advance a claim on both duchies. The Nobles meet to elect a new Duke but after several rounds of voting no successor emerges. King Christian I of Denmark (who is a descendant of the counts of the House of Oldenburg and who was elected King of Denmark in 1448) intervenes by calling the nobility to Ripen [Ribe] where he is elected as Duke Adolf’s successor on March 2, 1460. On March 5, 1460, the assembled nobles agree to the terms of a Freiheitsbrief, a “Charter of Liberty” containing numerous laws and regulations. It also contains the statement regarding Schleswig and Holstein "dat se bliven ewich tosamende ungedelt", namely, that the two provinces are to remain forever undivided, that they are never to be separated. King Christian’s objective of this arrangement is to ensure the retention of Holstein, but the effect is that the Danish province of Schleswig becomes dissolubly linked to the German province of Holstein. This is something Christian does not and can not foresee, yet this will prove to be a pivotal event and is to become the basis for significant disputes in the future.

Attempts to elect in 1482 a single successor to the sovereign do not succeed, with the result that two brothers are so elected, Johannes, or Hans, as King of Denmark, and his brother Frederik who still is a minor. When Frederik comes of age the provincial estates are partitioned as follows:

King Hans receives the following castles and/or districts: [today’s place names in parentheses]
Segeberg, Rendsburg, Flensburg, Apenrade [Åbenrå], Alsen [Als], Arö [Ærø], Fehmarn; while Duke Frederik of Gottorf receives the following: Gottorf, Eiderstedt, Eckernförde, Stapelholm, Hadersleben [Haderslev], Tondern [Tønder], Kiel, Plön, Neumünster, Oldenburg, Neustadt, Trittau, Steinburg, Itzehoe.

They govern on the principle of “united to govern, divided to march”, i.e. they jointly govern Schleswig and Holstein but each has his own army and pursues his own goals. Thus they jointly attempt to subdue the Dithmarschers but suffer a devastating defeat on February 17, 1500.

The Dithmarschen War

At the same time King Hans commences hostilities against Sweden. Duke Frederik remains neutral, even when his nephew Christian II is crowned King of Denmark in 1513. The Treaty of Bordesholm of 1522 stipulates that Schleswig and Holstein will remain neutral in the war against Sweden. However, when the Danish nobility rebel against King Christian II they seek the assistance of the Duke of Gottorf, and in 1523 Frederik’s army marches northward under the command of Field Marshall Johann Rantzau. King Christian II flees and on April 14, 1523 Frederik becomes sole ruler of Denmark. In August, 1524, he is crowned in Copenhagen King Frederik I of Denmark. He is followed in 1533 by his son as Christian III who abolishes the Catholic church in Holstein, Schleswig, Denmark and Norway, and establishes the Reformation by law.

In 1544 there occurs another partition between King Christian III and his step-brothers Johann (The Elder) and Adolf.

Adolf receives the Gottorf part: Apenrade [Åbenrå] , South Schleswig, Kiel Neumünster, Cismar, Oldenburg, Neustadt, Trittau and Reinbek.

Johann will control the Hadersleben part: Hadersleben [Haderslev], Tondern [Tønder], Lügumkloster [Løgumkloster], Nordstrand, the Osterharde on Föhr, Sylt, Fehmarn, Rendsburg, Bordesholm as well as smaller parts of Holstein.

The king retains the Sonderburg [Sønderborg] part: Alsen [Als]. Arö [Ærø], Northern Anglia, the districts Flensburg and Bredstedt, Segeberg, Oldesloe, Plön, Steinburg, Reinfeld and Ahrensböck. All three unite in a war against the Dithmarschers in 1599 who are defeated and whose land is divided into three equal parts.

In 1564 King Frederik III of Denmark (the son of Christian III) cedes one-third of his possessions to his brother Johann TheYounger who receives Sonderburg [Sønderborg], Norburg [Nordborg], Arö [Ærø], Plön and Ahrensbök.

A further partitioning occurs in 1581 when the Hadersleben [Haderslev] part is divided between King Frederik II and Duke Adolf II of Gottorf: Duke Adolf received the districts of Tondern [Tønder], Lügumkloster [Løgumkloster] and Bordesholm in addition to Nordstrand, the Osterharde on Föhr, Sylt, Fehmarn as well as the northern part of Dithmarschen. King Frederik receives Hadersleben [Haderslev] and Rendsburg. Schleswig and Holstein yet again have two rulers.

Duke Hans the Younger receives Reinfeld, Sundewitt, and the possessions of the Rude Monastery where he builds his Glücksburg Castle. On his death in 1622 his possessions are divided amongst his five sons: the duchies Sonderburg, Norburg, Arö, Glücksburg und Plön are built. Arö will be divided to the other four in 1624.

The Thirty-Year War.

King Frederik III dies in 1670 and is succeeded by his son as King Christian V who reigns from 1670 to 1699.

In 1673 the last Count of the Oldenburg and Delmenhorst line dies. His estates are inherited by the Duke of Plön who, by way of a secret agreement, has renounced his entitlement in favour of the King of Denmark, and so it falls into the hands of King Christian V. On May 30, 1684, King Chrstian V assumes the ducal part of Schleswig but returns it to Duke Christian Albrecht on July 20, 1689 under the terms of the Settlement of Altona.

The Partitioning of Schleswig-Holstein

Duke Christian Albrecht died in 1694 and is succeeded by his son Frederik IV. Frederik is married to the sister of the Swedish King Karl XII and is appointed Supreme Commander of the Swedish armies in Germany. There follows a five year long quarrel with King Christian V who has formed an alliance with Saxony, Poland and Russia. Sweden and Gottorf are allied with Lüneburg. In March, 1700, the Nordic War breaks out.
[]

http://www.rootsweb.com/~nycoloni/shsw4swan.html

1642
In the Swan
Left Stockholm August 16, 1642
Sailed from Gothenburg November 1, 1642
Arrived at New Sweden February 15, 1643
Skipper Lambert Pietersen

Peter Jochimson (Jochum), soldier from Slesvik-Holstein
[]

More About Peter*~ Jochimsson:
AKA (Facts Pg): Peter Jochim
Ethnicity: Probably Danish
Freeman: 01 Nov 1652
Immigrant Ancestor: Aft. Sep 1642, Holstein to New Sweden, aboard the Fama
Individual Note: Bet. Jun - Jul 1654, Died at Manhattan Island, New Amsterdam, while on his mission.
Migration 1: Aft. Sep 1642, Holstein to New Sweden, aboard the Fama
Migration 2: 1642, The Fama and the Swan were sailing together
Migration 3: 16 Aug 1642, left Stockholm aboard the Swan
Migration 4: 01 Nov 1642, left Gothenburg aboard the Swan
Migration 5: Aft. Sep 1642, Sails from Gothenburg, Sweden, to the Delaware Valley
Migration 6: 15 Feb 1642/43, the Swan arrives New Sweden Colony
Military 1: Bet. 1642 - 01 Nov 1652, A soldier at New Sweden Colony
Military 2: Sep 1642, At Gothenburg, Sweden, enrolls to serve as a soldier at New Sweden Colony, America
Military 3: 01 Nov 1652, Discharged from his military service
Political 1: 27 Jul 1653, joined the protest against Gov Printz
Political 2: 27 May 1654, Carried a letter from the governor of New Sweden to Gov Stuyvesant at New Amsterdam.
Residence: 1652, Settled at Aronameck, on the west side of the Schuylkill River

Notes for Ella* Olofsdotter Stille:
http://www.colonialswedes.org/History/History.html

A Brief History of New Sweden in America...
Colonial Swedes on the Delaware 1638-1713

Sweden as a Great Power in the 17th Century The 17th century saw Sweden as an European "Great Power" and one of the major military and political combatants on the continent during the Thirty Years' War. By mid-century, the kingdom included part of Norway, all of Finland and stretched into Russia. Sweden's control of portions of modern Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania and Germany made the Baltic Sea essentially a Swedish lake.

Perhaps inspired by the riches other Great Powers gathered from their overseas colonies, Sweden too sought to extend its influence to the New World. In 1637, Swedish, Dutch and German stockholders formed the New Sweden Company to trade for furs and tobacco in North America. Under the command of Peter Minuit, the company's first expedition sailed from Sweden late in 1637 in two ships, Kalmar Nyckel and Fogel Grip. Minuit had been the governor of the Dutch colony, New Netherland, centered on Manhattan Island, from 1626 to 1631.

The ships reached Delaware Bay in March 1638, and the settlers began to build a fort at the site of present-day Wilmington, Delaware. They named it Fort Christina, in honor of Sweden's twelve-year-old queen. It was the first permanent European settlement in the Delaware Valley.

During the next seventeen years, twelve more Swedish expeditions left the homeland for New Sweden. A total of eleven vessels and some 600 Swedes and Finns reached their destination. The colony eventually consisted of farms and small settlements along both banks of the Delaware River into modern Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland.

Route from Sweden to New Sweden and return

New Sweden rose to its greatest heights during the governorship of Johan Printz (1643-1653). He extended settlement northward from Fort Christina along both sides of the Delaware River and improved the colony's military and commercial prospects by building Fort Elfsborg, near present-day Salem on the New Jersey side of the river, to seal the Delaware against English and Dutch ships. Despite these steps, the Swedish and Finnish colonists lived peacefully with their Dutch and Lenni Lenape neighbors.

Unfortunately, Governor Printz's autocratic rule left many settlers dissatisfied. A petition for reform was branded a "mutiny," but did lead to that Governor's return to Sweden.

In 1654, Printz was succeeded by the colony's last governor, Johan Rising, at a time when the Dutch capitol of New Amsterdam was ruled by the hot-tempered Peter Stuyvesant. Soon after arriving in New Sweden, Rising attempted to remove the Dutch from the colony by seizing Fort Casimir (present-day New Castle, Delaware), below Fort Christina on the western shore of the river. With no gunpowder, Fort Casimir surrendered without a shot and was re-named Fort Trinity.

The furious Governor Stuyvesant had his revenge the following summer, when seven armed Dutch ships and 317 soldiers appeared on the Delaware River. Realizing that resistance would be useless, the vastly outnumbered Swedes surrendered Fort Trinity and Governor Rising surrendered Fort Christina two weeks later.

New Sweden in America

Swedish sovereignity over New Sweden was at an end, but the Swedish and Finnish presence was very much in evidence. In fact, Governor Stuyvesant permitted the colonists to continue as a "Swedish Nation" and be governed by a court of their choosing, be free to practice their religion, organize their own militia, retain their land holdings and continue trading with the native people. This independent "Swedish Nation" continued until 1681 when the Englishman, William Penn received his charter for Pennsylvania and the three lower counties, present-day Delaware.

While Swedes and Finns continued to settle in New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania, they did not begin to arrive in the United States in large numbers until the 19th century. Swedish immigration was highest between 1867 and 1914 due to poor local economic conditions in Sweden and the availability of cheap land in the American west. At the peak of immigration in the 1880s, an average of 37,000 Swedes came to the United States each year. Most of the new settlers bypassed New Sweden and headed west to Minnesota, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, California and Washington, which remain the states with the largest numbers of Swedish-Americans today.
[]

More About Ella* Olofsdotter Stille:
Immigrant Ancestor: May 1641, Sweden to New Sweden, departed aboard the Charitas
Migration: May 1641, Sweden to New Sweden, departed aboard the Charitas

More About Peter*~ Jochimsson and Ella* Stille:
Marriage: 1651

Children of Peter*~ Jochimsson and Ella* Stille are:

Peter Petersson, born 1652 in Aronameck, New Sweden Colony; died 1702 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Colony; married Judith Jonasdotter Nilsson Abt. 1675; died 1727 in Manatawney, Berks County, Pennsylvania Colony.

More About Peter Petersson:
AKA (Facts Pg): Peter Petersson Yocum
Burial: Unknown, Gloria Dei Church, Philadelphia
Census: 1693, List of families living in New Sweden
Occupation 1: trader with the Native Americans
Occupation 2: farmer
Occupation 3: owned a grist mill
Political: Served as an interpreter for William Penn with the Native Americans

More About Judith Jonasdotter Nilsson:
Burial: Unknown, St Gabriels Church, Douglassville

More About Peter Petersson and Judith Nilsson:
Marriage: Abt. 1675

209

ii.

Elisabeth Petersdotter, born 1654 in Aronameck, New Sweden Colony; died Bef. 12 Sep 1702 in Hopyard, White Clay Creek Hundred, Delaware Colony; married John* Ogle II 1667 in New Castle County, Delaware Colony.

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