These
are Haplogroup predictions based on a Haplogroup Calculator for R1b members.
It
is clear from the testing that each one of these haplotypes is a unique
ancestral line. They are unique well before the convention of surnames in 1100
A.D. The connection of these familes by surname is probably in a geographic
location where this surname was adopted. It is also likely the E1b1b haplogroup
member in our project comes from this same geographic region as well. We
O’Dair’s are clearly four separate ancestral lines.
The name O’Dair
has been stated to mean a grove of oaks. The oak is the emblem of County Londonderry in Northern
Ireland, as a vast amount of the county was covered in forests of the tree
until relatively recently. The name of the county comes from the city of Derry, which
originally in Irish was known as Doire meaning oak. It
is interesting the similarity of the spelling on this issue with our surnames.
Kit
number 80552 Ysearch bske4
Haplogroups and probabilities are as follows:
R1b-South Irish =>45% R1b-E.Europe =>32% R1b-Irish/Continental =>5%
R1b =>5% R1b-Frisian4 =>5% R1b-S28 =>5% R1b-S29-Frisian2 =>1%
This
falls into the R1b South Irish group but also could be Eastern European. It is
not a clear which type this haplotype could be.
Kit number 68434 Yserach bw498
Haplogroups and probabilities are as follows:
R1b =>61% R1b-S26 =>17% R1b-C.Europe =>6% R1b-S29-Frisian2 =>4%
R1b-Ub =>4% R1b-S.Irish =>4% R1b-Irish/Continental =>1%
This
looks like a very numerous haplotype in the Atlantic Modal
Kit number 68410 & 123401 Ysearch x94xc & Za9wj
Haplogroups and probabilities are as follows:
R1b-Ubiquitous=>66% R1b-S.Irish =>13% R1b-S28 =>11% R1b-S21-Scottish2
=>4% R1b-Irish/Continental =>4% R1b =>2%
This
is a unique haplotype. The R1b-Ubiquitous means that it does not particularly
fall into any known group. It is still in an undetermined group.
The
information below talks in some detail about all the different subclades of
R1b. This particular haplogroup R1b represents 22% of all people in the world
today. This is by far the largest haplogroup by percentage. Because of this it
is very complicated in its structure. The structure of this haplogroup is still
under going study. In the British Isles the percentage of this haplogroup is
90% and as high as 80% along the Atlantic seaboard in Europe.
The only way to identify which subclade in the haplogroup with 100% confidence is by deep subclade testing.
WHALEN’S
Cheat Sheet for R1b & Irish Sub-clades
The following was developed because I could not for the life of me remember, or
keep strait, all the alpha-numeric markers and their linkage to alpha-numeric
classifications. In addition, some of the definitions found on the web are out
of date and new testing and research have significantly changed the meaning or
understanding regarding the groupings.
This ‘cheat sheet’, like any abbreviated list, suffers from a few inherent
flaws such as over simplifying complex issues and being concise by leaving out
pertinent information. Still, there are some virtues such as helping newbie’s
and others that just can’t spend the time it takes to lock all the concepts and
definitions into the memory bank. It’s also useful for the hobbyists that want
a simple bottom line understanding and are really are not interested in the
many nuanced and often confusing scholarly arguments that the experts engage
in.
In any case, here is my little list…the first category is the SNP marker
(sometimes 2 or 3 seperate names if tested at both EA and FTDNA or other Labs)
that is tested and will come back to you as either + or -. The next 2 items are
the old and new Haplogroup names as noted in the Y-line
phylogenic tree, most of us know the first category (pre 2008, such as R1b1c7),
but a major change occured in 2008 so there are alot of changes. The next set
of information is only with some haplotypes and they are the categories that
some well known researchers have developed such as McEwan’s
‘R1bSTR19Irish’
There are 4 subclades to the R1b1 haplogroup, my primary focus is on the 3rd
group or old 'R1b1c' and all its subclades
SNP--Old Style--YCC/Karafet2008--ISOGG2008--McEwan
U106/S21..R1b1c9..............R1b1b2g...........................R1b1b2a1.........R1bS
TR22Frisian..............
(I used U106 as an example of how it works but note that not all the following
will have all of the above alternative catagories)
'A' subclade
M18--R1b1a--found only at low frequencies in samples from Sardinia and
Lebanon
----------------------
'B' subclade
M73--R1b1b--x--R1b1b1-a sub clade approximatly 10-12500 yrs old, 31
samples, mostly from central asia and a few from Italy-there appears to be 2
branches, the first is an Italian, Anatolian and Pakistani group while the
second is Chinese-possible origin along the old 'Silk Road' that connected the
named territories
---------------
**'C'** subclade
M269--R1b1c--R1b1b2--R1b1b2-a huge subgroup that is is the most common
for European males-its fairly old but but there is alot of controversy about
the exact ages of each of the sub groups-recently subdivided by new discoveries
of P312 and L21
M37--R1b1c1--R1b1b2a--R1b1b2a2a - found in only 2 Australians but they
are apparently of 'European' heritige-tiny sample-private/family SNP grouping
M65--R1b1c2--R1b1b2b-- R1b1b2a2b -only 2 Basque’s, tiny
sample-private/family SNP grouping
M126--R1b1c3--R1b12h1--R1b1b2a2g1-only 1 European, tiny
sample-private/family SNP grouping
M153--R1b1c4--R1b1b2c--R1b1b2a2c - branch of P312--Iberian Peninsula or
descendants i.e. New World Latinos, small sample
M160--R1b1c5--R1b12h2--R1b1b2a2g2 -only 3 ‘Europeans’- tiny
sample-likely private/family SNP grouping
M167 or SRY2627--R1b1c6--R1b1b2d--R1b1b2a2d -branch of P312-- ancient
stock, mostly Iberia; some SW England and S Ireland, reflecting pre Celtic
invasion stock? possibly S W France
M222--R1b1c7--R1b1b2e--R1b1b2a2e -R1bSTR19Irish-branch of P312-- ‘North
West Irish Variety’, Ireland, W Scotland, W England, of ‘Naill of the 9
Hostages’ fame
P66--R1b1c8--R1b1b2f--R1b1b2a2f –Italy, tiny sample-private/family SNP
grouping
U106 or S21--R1b1c9--R1b1b2g--R1b1b2a1 - R1bSTR22Frisian
–originally known as ‘Frisian’ Invader marker, new research suggests the
majority are more generally Germanic-likely North/West European/Netherlands in
origin with two 'hotspots' in the Netherlands and western Austria. The large
British Isles pop. is likely Germanic invasion legacy-U106/S21 is estimated to
be found in about 25% of European ancestry men of the R1b-M269 haplogroup. This
makes it the most common subclade of R1b-M269
S26 or L1--R1b1c9a--R1b1b2g3 or null439--R1b1b2a1c -branch of
U106-Germanic Invader marker of British Isles, post Roman era, Angles, Saxon,
Jutes, concentrated in central England, some Spain, Norway, S Germany-possible
Norman or French ancient origin
U198 or S29--R1b1c9b--R1b1b2g1--R1b1b2a1a - R1bSTR3-branch of
U106-- confined to S. England (pre-Anglo-Saxon?). Known as Frisian 2 in K.
Nordtvedt research-unclear if it’s a Saxon invasion marker or earlier Germanic
migration
U152 or S28 --R1b1c10--R1b1d2h--R1b1b2a2g - branch of
P312--Ancient Celts- Alpine Germany and Switzerland origins - possibly the ‘La
Tene culture” Celts, also possibly a pre-roman era ‘Invasion’ or 'immigration
wave ' marker of the British Isles pop.--moderate numbers in Scotland, England,
Wales, large number in Switzerland, Alpine Germany and Italy, also in Greece,
France, Poland, Norway, Netherlands-also an Ashkenazi group in Eastern Europe
with Sephardic/Converso members constituting a separate cluster--L2 appears to
be a significant sub-clade downstream of U152/S28, and may split the group
roughly 2/3rds L2+ and 1/3rd L2-. Unknown relationship to M126 and M160.
S68--R1b1c11--R1b1b2--R1b1b2a2h - branch of P312--2 unrelated people in
Sweden and Scotland, tiny sample-possible private/family SNP grouping
M269--R1b1c*--R1b1b2*- approx. 50% of R1b1b2 that tests negative for all
known sub clades get the *
--------------------
'D' subclade
M335--R1b1d--x--R1b1c--tiny subgroup based on a single sample found in
Turkey/Anitolia
------------------------
S25-NOTE--contrary to first hopes, this SNP has been proven to NOT be
the marker for Irish III or any other R1b haplogroup-in fact, its higher on the
Phylogenic tree and includes the Q,P and R haplogroups-very difficult to test
for and EA no longer offers it
'Cutting Edge' SNP's-purpose and relationships in the R
haplogroup are not fully understood
P312 or S116 or rs34276300 or R1b1b2a2--a new marker that
splits R1b and particularly the old R1b1c/R1b1b2 group in two, with U126/S21
one main group and P312/S116 being the other-possibly along East/West European
ancestral lines-impact unclear as of yet-P312 is thought to be older than U106
L21 or rs11799226--an exciting new marker that splits the large
P312* group- discovered by the first R1b 23andMe test results submitted by
'Whalen, Reynolds, Kenyon and Price' -thought to be a very old SNP and is
created by a mutation to G (derived) from the C (ancestral)-This SNP has a very
strong 'Celtic' signal but origins unknown-early estimates is it is around 3500
yrs old
L2 or rs2566671--L2 appears to be a significant sub-clade
downstream of U152/S28 (or within), and may split the group roughly 2/3rds L2+
and 1/3rd L2-. Unknown relationship to M126 and M160.
L11 or S127 or rs9786076-considered 'cutting edge' SNP's
that are 'upstream' of S116 and give new info about the Phylogenic Tree and the
'R1b family' and said haplogroups
P107-branch of U106--P107 appears to be a 'private' SNP--according to
the 'Rb1-U106 Project', it has not been found in even one of thier 372 members
P311 or S128 or rs9785659-considered 'cutting edge' SNP's
that are 'upstream' of S116 and give new info about the Phylogenic Tree and the
'R1b family' and said haplogroups
P310 or S129 or rs9786283-considered 'cutting edge' SNP's
that are 'upstream' of S116 and give new info about the Phylogenic Tree and the
'R1b family' and said haplogroups
S121, S121, S123, S124--research now indicates that these 4 new SNP's
are 'private' or 'family' markers and no longer relevent
Other interesting SNP's, some new via the Mega tests (ie: 23andMe)
I include these so folks that have gotten the huge mega SNP tests can plug in
the rsXXXX numbers below into thier 'raw data' section on their 23andMe web
site as see for themselves if they are ancestoral, or derived (derived means
you have it and its important to you)
*=new and major SNP's for the old R1b1c* super group
L23/rs9785971
L49/rs9786142
L50/S136/rs13303711
L11/S127/rs9786076
P311/S128/rs9785659
L51/rs9786140
L52/rs13304168
P310/S129/rs9786283
L44/rs34738655, L45/rs35760092, L46/rs13304625, L47/rs34283263, and
L48/rs13303755
*P312/S116/rs34276300-major
L20/S144/rs7067305
*L21/S145/rs11799226-major
S144/rs7067305
rs20321 = A is the Marker for M222-the NW Irish (Nial) clade
**EDIT-MAY 2008**
2008 ISOGG Haplogroup conversion chart for R
Note-this is slightly different than the new, similar 2008 FTDNA/Karafet Tree
that is in the cheat sheet above so there is a possibility of 3 classfications
for the exact same SNP <shrug-its a new science>
Old 2007--2008
R1b1b----R1b1b1
R1b1c----R1b1b2
R1b1c1---R1b1b2a2a
R1b1c2---R1b1b2a2b
R1b1c3---R1b1b2a2g1
R1b1c4---R1b1b2a2c
R1b1c5---R1b1b2a2g2
R1b1c6---R1b1b2a2d
R1b1b7---R1b1b2a2e
R1b1c8---R1b1b2a2f
R1b1c9---R1b1b2a1
R1b1c9a--R1b1b2a1c
R1b1c9b--R1b1b2a1a
R1b1c10--R1b1b2a2g
R1b1c11--R1b1b2a2h
R1b1d----R1b1c
Credit for the majority of above listing goes to the previous lists by;
‘scotdna’, J. McEwan, D. Faux, Wikipedia (Haplogroup R1b) and feedback from
DNA-Forum members
MAJOR IRISH
'TYPES'
Again, at various times I got confused as to which haplogroup types or sub
clades had been found in Ireland and what were the markers or profiles. The
following are the 4 most commonly known Irish haplogroups, with a few others noted
at the end.
1)-Irish type I--R1b-NW-Ir....'North West Irish' or 'Niall of the
9 Hostages'-originally designated Irish Modal Haplotype (IMH) from the Trinity
study, later acknowledged a misnomer as its very rare in South Ireland and
NW/Niall is much more accurate
SNP M222
2)-Irish type II--R1b-S-Ir.... or 'South Irish' as identified by
K Nordtvedt
390=24
391=10
385ab=11,15
447=24
456=15
442=13
c4=24
NOTE***-I originally had put the following as the South Irish Modal, but
Francis of the Whalen project spotted a problem...it did not match with
Nordtverts!
I think the issue is there are some large family group studies out there and
they are similar to the Irish II's modal. Its likely that some 'combining' has
occured to create a 'hybred' Irish II. In any case, the reader is warned about
modal variants out there that are called South Irish, but do not match the
original cluster. (In fact, this caveat is probably true for most the modals
out there, not just the Irish)
Alternative IrishII?-Clan Hybrid?
DYS19-15
DYS390-23
DYS391-10
DYS392-12
DYS393-15
3)-Irish type III--R1b-Ir III.... determined by the following
modals (with the AtlanticModalHaplotype to compare)
Irish Type
III AMH
DYS 439 = 11 12
DYS 459 = 8-9
9-10
DYS 464 = 13-13-15-17
15-15-17-17
DYS 456 = 15
16
DYS 463 = 23
22
(credit also to Dennis Wrights research on III and also note that S25 has been
proven to NOT be an Irish or even a 'R1b' marker)
4)-Irish Type IV--R1b-Ir/Cont....found all over Ireland and on
the contenent-possible invader marker?
DYS426=13
DYS385a,b=12,15
DYS391=10
DYS444=13
DYS4641abcd=15,15,16,18
DYS463=21
H4=11
Other
Irish Varieties noted
A- 'Irish Haplogroup 1'-- This 'Irish Haplogroup 1' that was first
noted/developed by Hill, Jobling and Bradley, as reported in "Nature,
international weekly journal of science" March 2000?
****UPDATE-further reading suggests this might be the same as the above Irish
type I/NW Irish/Niall grouping
B- 'Leinster/Lagin Irish Modal'--R1bSTR7....associated with several
historical Irish Clan names such as O'Beirne (Lagin Chieftans), Beatty,
McLaughlan (a Kings of Meath sept)- a fairly small cluster or modal
13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 18 30 15 15 17 17 11 11
19 23 16 15 18 18 39 40 11 12
Other than 15c 15c 17g 17g at 464x, the group generally exhibits 14 13 30 at
389i 392 389ii, 18 at 448, 11 at 442 and high values at CDY a and b.
DYS 389-1 = 14
DYS 389-2 = 30
DYS 448, 449 = 18-30
DYS 460
GATA H4 = 11-11
DYS 442 = 11
credit to 'Kaybee' of DNA forums
C-'Irish Sea Modal'--apparently it is some sort of variant of the 'Irish
Type 1'/NW Irish/Niall grouping in DYS values, but many in the grouping are
actually negative for M222-very early classification scheme and seems less used
now
DYS 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389i 392 389ii 458 459a 459b 455 454
447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d
Alleles 13 25 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 14 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 18 30 15 16 16
17
D- Colla Uais & Dal Riata Kingdom- Colla Uais was a high king of
Ireland. Circa 325CE Colla Uais seized Ulster subsequently taking his followers
to Scotland. His descendants, known as the 'sons of Erc' (Angus, Fergus &
Loarn), became the traditional founders of the Scottish line of the Dál Riata
kingdom circa 465CE
DYS 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389i 392 389ii 458 459a 459b 455 454
447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d
Alleles 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 30 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17
17
E-Ulster-Derry/Down Modal--a small but destinct group that seems to
share a common link to Ulster and the Derry and Down Counties-Olivers,
Mcpherson & Beck are surnames associated so far
391-11
385b-13
389i-14
392-13
389ii-30
458- 19
449-28
464abcd-15c,15c,16c,17g
H4-10
456-15
607-16
Credit to 'Kaybee' for this Modal
F--O'Connor/Murphy Modal--this subgroup is another small but distinct
grouping that mostly involves 20 to 30 family names such as O'Connor, Connor,
Murphy but also has a few O'Tool's, Phalen's and Ryan. Many of these names are
associated with Leinster Province. This sub group appears to be L21+
12 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 16 16
and the following being the most common according to Mike O'Connor
393=12
390=24
385a/b=11/14
392=29
458=18
449=29
464=15/15/16/16
Thanks to all the folks on DNA Forums that helped. All mistakes are of course,
mine alone.
Michael Whalen June 2008
updated Jan 19 2009