ࡱ>   !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRoot Entry F`zRWordDocument CompObj^mith has made to Kansas. He was one of the earliest friends of the state, and his first contributions to our stock of reading were in the shape of Beechers Bibles. The Indian commissioner is a fine looking man; with a frank, pleasant smile that finds it way down into your heart in spite of yourself. He gains the confidence of the Indians by his kind, straight-forward, and truthful manner. He tries to encourages them and yet he does not flatter them, nor say things simply to please them. He tells them the truth, and it is easy to see from his manner that his object is to be patient, just, and firm. I predict that E. P. Smith will be one of the most popular and efficient commissioners that we have ever had. There is no air of red tape about him and none of that over-crowing investiture of brief authority in which smaller men are apt to strut. Beside the two gentlemen named, there was present today at the interview of the commissioner, Supt. Hoag, Cyrus Bede [Beede], Mr. Nicholson, H. W. Jones of the Quapaw agency, Agent Gibson of the Osages, and Agent Newton of the Pottawatomies. The superintendent looks careworn, but active and kindly as ever. Bede [Beede] looks strong, watchful, and alert; Dr. Nicholson, patient and thoughtful; and the agents, one and all, are faithful and zealous men. The conference between the commissioner and the Osages was, throughout, in the nature of questions from different Indians, and replies by the commissioner. The Indians were first introduced to the commissioner by Supt. Hoag, and as their names were called, they advanced and gave the commissioner a hearty shake of the hand. The commissioner then addressed them as follows. I have been in Washington but a few months, and dont know as much as I shall bye and bye. I have been among the Indians laboring for them and with them more than three years. I have seen the Indians away to the north and south of you, but have never seen your tribe before, and all that I know of you is what I learn through letters from your agents. I am very glad to hear from them of the new state of things with you. I am glad to know that you are thinking, and that your agent is trying to help you think about a different life. It is a very important thing for you and for the white people of the country. You have heard that the railroad is coming your way, and you know that the country is fast settling up with white men, and that it will be impossible for you or other Indians to live in a wild state any longer. It is very good that you have a good agent with you; it is important that you should have, and I am confident that you have. Now, if you have anything to say, I shall be glad to hear you. Whereupon Gov. Joseph Pah-ne-no-pah-she replied substantially as follows. My friends, I see you on a very pleasant day today. Our agent asked us to come and see you; in doing so I came through the land that belonged to my forefathers. In looking back, if I had taken the advice that was given me, I should not have been living where I am, but would be living like the whitܥe# {x,l,l O(T>I O MS Sans Serif SymbolTimes New RomanTimes New RomanTHE OSAGES. Big Talk With Commissioner Smith. THEY WANT MONEY TO FARM WITH. Plain Language from Mr. Smith. Specimens of Barbaric Eloquence and Diplomacy. Lively Recriminations About Murders and Robberies. The Commissioner Lays Down a Policy and Tells the Indians They Must Go to Work. The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873. LAWRENCE, September 25th, 1873. Special Correspondence of the Commonwealth. It has been understood for some ten days past that the commissioner of Indian affairs, Hon. E. P. Smith, would be in this place today on his way to the southwest. In anticipation of this the Osages with their agent, Isaac T. Gibson, have been here three or four days awaiting his arrival. The Hon. commissioner came as expected; arriving in this city yesterday. The delegation of Osages consisted of the governor, Joseph Pah-ne-no-pah-she; the agent, interpreters, and sixteen of the chiefs and head men of the tribe. The Osages have been in the Indian Territory about three years. They now number about thirty-five hundred. The tribe is divided into eight bands, and each band has a chief and counselor. In addition to this they have a still more exalted dignitary with the title of governor. This office is at present filled by Joseph, whose surname is the man that killed a Pawnee. The extent of their ambition seems to be to imitate the Cherokees and to want everything they see. These dusky dignitaries have come down to see their great father and tell him what they want. They act upon the motto that is sometimes printed and posted up in country stores, If you dont see what you want, ask for it. They want all they can get, and I guess would take it if they got a chance. So far as wants are concerned, an Osage Indian can discount a column in the New York Herald. They have adopted the customs of the Cherokeesespecially those of Vaun [Vann] and Adair. They informed the commissioner that they wanted their money all paid to them. They wanted to go into the law-making business on their own account; set up an independent government, with the meek and docile Joseph at the head of it. They could dispense with agents and superintendents, and thus save a good deal of expense. I presume they got their ideas of economy from Vaun [Vann] and Adair. As a specimen of their economy, I might state that they contracted to pay the said Vaun [Vann] and Adair the trifling sum of three hundred thousand dollars for two weeks talk, and as they once made a treaty providing for the sale of their lands at seventeen cents per acre, their economy and ability to take care of themselves cannot be questioned. It was owing to the efforts of Superintendent Hoag that their lands in Kansas were sold at $1.25 per acre, instead of seventeen cents; and it was owing to the same superintendent, the Washington committee of Friends, and the commissioner of Indian affairs, that the scheme of Vaun [Vann] and Adair to rob the Osages of $300,000 was not successful. If the Osages had been permitted to have their way, they would have been beggars now. They may thank Superintendent Hoag and the good and true men who labored with him that they are not reduced to penury. The interview between the Osages and the commissioner today was very interesting. The Indians were seated in a semi-circle in front and in their red blankets, feathers, and paint. The contrast was very striking with the sober dress and attire of the rest of the party. The commissioner of Indian affairs was assisted by Major C. F. Larrabee, of Maine; who was also appointed a commissioner to visit with the Indian commissioner the Indian tribes in the southwest. The Major is a gallant looking gentleman and in action as well as in appearance is a worthy representative of a state that produces tall trees and smart men. This is the first visit that Commissioner Ses. Five years ago we made a treaty, and agreed to remove from Kansas. There were some things in the treaty that we did not like. We wanted to use our lands as we liked, and we wanted to use our money in our own way. We wanted a piece of land from the Cherokees, and it was promised us at fifty cents an acre. We selected a piece of land and moved there, and then the Cherokees took the best part away from us. We were afterwards told by commissioners that we could have a better country. No-par-wal-la [No-pa-walla or No-pa-Watha (Thunder-Fear)], chief of the Little Osages, then shook hands and proceeded as follows. My friends, this is a pleasant day and I am glad to see you. We wanted to go to Washington, but as you are here, we will talk here. Our forefathers and the whites made peace near the Mississippi river. On your way here you saw a great country that used to belong to us. We now have but little land; our fathers died poor. This large quantity of land was sold for a small price, and they do not seem to have been benefitted by it. Now, this is the only land that we have left, and we want the commissioners to advise us so that we may not lose what we have. Our great father wants us to change our lives, and we think we ought to do so, now that our large quantity of land is gone. I will stop now. I may have more to say bye and bye. Chetopa, [Che-to-pah (Tzi-Topa)], chief counselor of the Osages, then arose, and after shaking hands, said: My friends, we have come together on a very pleasant day. Our people all know that we have come here on business, and I hope that I shall have some good news to take back to them that will make them very glad. You see here the head men of the Nation, and I hope you will have a little pity on us. Our fathers heretofore went to see the great father. Our lands have been sold, and we have seen hard times. We have come for help. We have sold our land, as we were advised by the government, and we were all agreed. We expected to get our land at fifty cents an acre. We were compelled to remove and live further west, and in doing so we got only bad land. Our agent lives in the heart of it. There is not enough good land to divide among ourselves. I have a good place myself, but most of us have not. Ne-kah-ki-pah-ne, chief of the Hominy band, shook hands and said: I have come to see you and we are all glad to see you. Our superintendent has told us twice that he wanted some of us to go to Washington. We have had not chance, but you are here now and I hope that we shall have an understanding. The government has made our forefathers and us many sweet promises, and in that way taken our lands; but we cant see anything coming to us. We sold our land and removed to this country, expecting to find it good. When we got there, we found it was bad. We were afterwards promised better land. We are living there now, but it is very poor. We were told when we got on our land that we must study a different life. We have done so. Our agent cant do much because he has got no good place to stay. We want schools for our children. We were not crazy when we promised to change our lives. The commissioner replied as follows: I understand now about your land question. Is there anything else you would like to talk about? Paul Akin, interpreter, said: By the influence of our agent, our people are trying to do all they can in farming and stock raising. Considering the time they have been trying, I think they excel all other Indians. They have little farms, and some have hogs, and yet they are wild Indians. They are building houses and trying to live a civilized life. They are trying to make laws for the benefit of their children. We see that we cant live like wild Indians. These men you see here are foremost in this work. Our means are light. Our agent tries to teach the people. Civilization is the word, and everybody is talking about it. Our country is very poor. We had a good piece of land on Caney river, but it has been surveyed away from us. The Indians should have good land, because they are just beginning. Hardrope [Hard Rope (We-He-Sa-Ki)], counselor of the White Hair band, then arose and said: We have met upon a very pleasant day, and I think that it is through the power of our great master. I have come a long way to see you. We have as much business as you have papers scattered about the room. All this country was once ours. Then our head men had but little sense, all they thought about was to kill white men. But after a while they made a treaty like a chain, and it has been linked ever since. We see many rich white people; we made them so. Yesterday we went to the fair at Topeka. I saw a great deal, and I know that it all came from the Osages; and it made me think that we ought to be a great people, but we have only a little piece of land, not large enough for a bird. We are told that we cant do as we please with our land; but we think we are a great people and ought to speak for ourselves. We know right from wrong. We want to do right, but we have nothing to work with. Our agent knows our situation. We have at least four days talk, and no time to waste. Governor Joe then arose and said: About three years ago some commissioners came from Washington, buying land from us. In our treaty a large piece of land was given to Kansas for schools. We wanted the same amount of land back again. On account of our poor land, we wanted a piece of land next to the Arkansas river. We were promised pay every year for the land sold to Kansas. They wanted another year. We would like pay without putting it off any longer. I have not received a patent for my land, but I have advised my young men to work. It looked hard for our people to go into council without money to use as we liked. We hope to have stock, and that is why I advise my people to work. You are the head men, and I think you will help us, and let us know how much money we have coming to us and how much belongs to us. Augustus Captain, a half-breed, then spoke. I generally assist in all business of the Nation. We have about one hundred persons who can read. All the half-breeds and the blanket Indians want the Catholic church to teach our people. I do not speak for all in the matter of farming. Some want to work; and by the example of the half-breeds, some of the full blood Indians are working. The half-breeds want some of the benefit of the money given to the Indian. If I put on a blanket, I could get my share, and I ought to have it without doing so. The commissioner and superintendent then explained that the government does not propose to tech the Indians religion, but that the field is open to all religious societies to labor as much as they are disposed. The commissioner then asked them: If your people know how to work, why do they want assistance? Augustus Captain answered: They are very poor; they work for the full bloods. The money is appropriated for all, and we think it should be equally divided. Agent Gibson then remarked that the Osages must be protected in order that the poor and old may not suffer. I have given the half-breeds the preference when I have hired laborers, and have paid them from $25 to $50 per month as such. The half-breeds claim that they are entitled to an equal share in all that is given to the Osages. The commissioner then arose and replied as follows. From all the information I get, it seems to me that you are paying too much for your land. Your superintendent and your agent say so, but you must remember that they speak in your interest. The Cherokee agent will speak for his people and may tell another story. I have only heard one side, and that is your side, and so now I think as you do. But should I find out that it is all wrong, I dont know that it can be righted now, and so I cannot promise you anything other than that I will look into it. I cannot say anything about the Arkansas river land yet; and as to your money, I cant say just how much you have in Washington without looking at my books. I want you to go to work and make laws for your government. The men who spend their time as councillors should have some help; but I am afraid paying them will cause much talk and little law making. This, however, will regulate itself after a while. I am going to authorize your agent to expend this year $3,000 for your councillors. He will also give you the same money in hand that you had last year. If some of your money that you spend for clothes was expended in New York or Philadelphia, you could get clothing for about half that you are now obliged to pay for it. I will send a coat and a pair of pants to any man who will go to work. I said I didnt know how much money you have in Washington. It is there to be given you whenever it is needed. It will come in faster than you need it, and will be kept for you. You may think that you want it all this summer; and if you knew how to use it, you might as well have it, but you do not yet know how to use it. You will have to have a little at a time and learn how to use it, then you can have more. Your half-breed friends even did not know how to take care of their money; they spent all they got for their lands and now have nothing and are poor, and have come to live with you again. I dont see why you may not have everything you need as fast as you need it, in order to enable you to live like the whites; but you are not able to take care of much yet. When your school are ready, I want you to send your children. When you get able to take care of cattle, and not eat them as fast as you get them, you can have cattle given you. The buffalo are fast going west and you will need cattle. I have seen a great many Indians lately, and three things are necessary for all of them. 1st. They want good land to work. 2nd. They want implements to work with. 3rd. They want a good agent. Now a good country to live in, means to help him make a farm, and an agent to show him how to work, and also look out for his interests, are all an Indian needs. Now you have all these. You have, it is true, some bad land; but you have much good land. You have money enough from the sale of your lands to give you things to work with, and I think you have a good agent. Now what you want are good hands and good hearts, and everything will go well with you. The country is full of poor white men, who would jump with joy at your chance. All these white men you see here were born naked. They had someone to teach them and show them how to make a living. They use their heads and hands, and so they are able to support themselves. I have seen a great many Indians in my life; but I never have seen so large Indians as you are, and I think you are able and willing to work. The government will help you, and I am confident that you will prosper and be able to do much for yourselves. Your governor asks me how much money you have in Washington. I cant tell, because I havent the figures here. I could tell if I was in Washington. Your land in Kansas is being sold for you; and as fast as it is sold, the money is put at interest for you. One hundred dollars now of your money will be one hundred and five dollars next year; this is what I mean by interest. So that you get every year not your money but the interest on your money. It may be that some time you will want more than the interest to buy stock, etc., but now you will get only the interest; and hereafter, you will not get the interest paid in money, except your annuity money, but you will get whatever your agent may think best to purchase for you. With a good many Indians, I am taking this course. The Indian that works gets paid for it; those who dont work, dont get anythingand it is better that they should not. I had a talk with your cousins, the Poncas, some time ago. I found them coming up to the warehouse twice a week, and when they got their flour, etc., they would go off to some shady place and cook and eat it. I told the agent to stop it; that it would spoil the Indians. I said to him, Tomorrow when they come for flour, give it to them if they will work; otherwise, dont give a particle. The Indians came, and said that it was their flour and that they wanted it; but the agent said, You are my children and I am going to take care of you. I am not going to injure you. I am going to do you good. If I feed you without work, I will spoil you, and I will not do it any longer. The way to make a man of you is to make you work, and you must work in order to get food. Now you may say that you are able to take care of yourselves, and that you want your money to use yourselves; but you can see by these papers (some papers were held up before them), which you have signed, that you do not know how to take care of yourselves. By signing these papers you have given away more than you have received during the last three years. Your superintendent, your agent, and myself are the only persons who can make a contract with you, and anyone who says the can do so and so for you, is deceiving you. Now this paper, signed by you, is worth nothing; and any man who would try to charge you such a price for work, is not a good man for you, and you had better let him alone. Governor Joe arose to reply, and said: I told you we were trying to make laws. How can we do this without means? We have sold our Kansas lands for money and we expect the money to help us in schools. Our own laws will make us expend the money properly. Your speech is good. I like it well, but I would like to know which way our money goes. I signed none of the papers you speak of and know nothing about them. The commissioner replied as follows: You see that you are not prepared to handle and spend your money. You have signed a paper giving away all this money. Any person who cant read and write is not fit to do business for himself. You can make laws to punish a murderer or thief, and you should make such laws; but you cannot make laws to regulate money matters. The government dont want to keep you as children any longer than they can help; but until you are able to take care of yourselves, they will have to treat you as such. It was a great misfortune to the Cherokees that their money was turned over to them. They would have been better if it had not been done. I dont want to be impatient or feel disheartened. We want to do what is best for you. You take hold and work and you will have enough. You are rich men, if you only knew it. I dont say that you will never get your money in hand; but as long as I have anything to do with you, I shall try and have your money put into that which will be best for you, and you will live long enough to thank me. The monies that you have been getting as annuities, you will get as usual. The $40,000 that is paid to you in cash would be three times as good for you if it were given to you in another way. Hard Rope arose and replied to the commissioner as follows. Three commissioners have told us that we were to have certain things and not other things. I think they had their papers made out before they came here. I opposed the thing. They wanted us to have our country marked out in lots and I opposed it. I saw at the time that we could not control our money, and I opposed it; but as the other chiefs signed, I agreed. These objections were spoken of before the treaty was signed by us. I dont see why, if we own a thing, we cant use it. If I went to Washington and undertook to use your money, you would not like it. The reason we sold the land was we wanted money. It would be of no use to me to have an education if I could not have money. This is all I have to say. The commissioner then replied. Two men came to you and talked two weeks, and then you gave them two hundred thousand dollars of your money. This shows that you do not know how to take care of your money. If it was all given to you, it would be surrendered in the same way. This being the case, we must take care of you and your money. If I had a boy ten years old and he had ten thousand dollars, would I give it to him? He might say that it was his, but I now that there are people about him who would try to get it away from him, and so I would not give it to him. Now, why do I do this? It is because I love the boy and must take care of him, and I know if I give him the money, he will not take care of it and will do him harm. I will bring him books and clothes and send him to school and guard his interests, and this is what the government wants to do by you. When you are fit to take care of yourselves, you will not want an agent or superintendent to look after you. Now, you must make up your minds that this is what is going to be done. It is for your good and you must be contented. Big Wolf then said: I heard that you were to be here, and I have come. It dont seem that you want to do anything that we wish. We have been trying for some time to see the president; but from what we see now, we think it would be of no use to see the president. We want our money, and if we dont know how to handle it, we can learn. If a man cant do a thing, he keeps on till he can. All our people are doing the best they can. We cant get anything to work with. The commissioner then said: I have given you some money for your councilors; but about the land I cant say, for it isnt for me to say. I want you to have good land, and enough, and I dont know but that something can be done to get the land you want. The time is coming when you cant hunt buffaloes. It may come next year; it may not for two or three years, but I want you to be ready. It will depend upon how you act when you are out on a hunt. (He then told them about the late Sioux and Pawnee fight.) Superintendent Hoag then said: In your treaty of 1868 you agreed to sell all your land in southern Kansas at seventeen cents per acre. If it had been done, you would not now have a dollar in the world. I was sent to see if it was right and just. I reported that it was unjust and fraudulent, and the treaty was destroyed. Then bids of twenty and twenty-five cents per acre were made; but we watched the legislation until a bill was offered, allowing $1.25 per acre, and through that bill you get your money today. Now this is why you should be thankful that you have friends to look out for you, for if the bill had passed as you agreed, you would have nothing today. Governor Joe then said: Is the $40,000 to be paid now? Superintendent Hoag then said: No; twice a year, or two installments each year. Governor Joe then said: We are not asking for ourselves but for our people. We have large families and five dollars is nothing for them. Our people refer to our lands that are sold and say, We expect money in payment. My people may already have spent what they are to get next time. If the money is to be had, we want it. I ask it as a favor. The commissioner said: It would be easier for me to do what you wish than to refuse, and it would be pleasanter for me to promise you more money now; but I know that it would not be as well for you. I have seen a good many Indians have money and they always owe all they are to get. They never have quite enough, and it is so with white people. You cant find a man in Lawrence, who has all he wants. Everybody wants a little more. I dont have half I want. If I should ask anybody to give me more, they would say go and work for it. Now I know it would be much better for you to have your money expended in agricultural implements and so I dont do what I would otherwise like to do. Hard Rope then said: You understand that our land is very poor, when the Cherokees talk with you. We want a commission appointed to examine the lands. You look upon us as children; but we think we ought to have our money. You are to look out for us, and we look to you. The commissioner then said: If the Osages were the only Indians I had to look out for, I could carry it all in my head; but you must remember that I have hundred a times as many Indians to look out for, and I keep everything in books, and I cannot carry my books with me, I have so many. I didnt know that I was to see you at this time. I want you to believe what I say to you. I send your agents to you and your superintendent, and what they tell you, you can depend upon. If you cant believe them, you cant believe me. I am going to be in Washington all winter. If you come there, I can tell you all, and will be glad to see you. You will see the president; but he will tell you that I am the man who looks after you. Hard Rope then said: I would be very glad if some of us could go to Washington and find out all about our affairs. We would like to know when we are to have our little money. We are educated enough to count the days when we are to have our money. Our main dependence is our horses. I lately lost three horses; I want pay for them. White man stole one fine horse. I made claim and sent it to Washington. No-pa-wal-la then said: We let the commissioners have our land because they told us good stories. They told us we should have $50 per head at once. Then afterward, the money would get bigger and figured up to $80 per head, and after it was all sold, we would get $160 per head; and that is why we required the treaty. They told us that the government wanted us to be like white men. We liked that, and so signed the treaty. Since then my men have gone out and tried to farm, but they have nothing to farm with. I ask and ask, but when am I to get something? Do white men farm with nothing? I did not sign the Cherokee paper. The commissioner then said: Have you not had one hundred dollars and a cow and calf this year, and have you not a farm and rails to fence it in, and why do you then complain? The people of Kansas say that the Osages have taken a good deal of their stock, and so I cant make them pay for stock until you pay for theirs. If it was settled, it would cost you much the most, as you have stolen the most. I cant tell you any plainer about money matters. Last year you had about thirty dollars spent for you. This year you will have more, and next year, more yet; but you want to see the greenbacks in your hands, and I want you to have a farm fenced in, and that is why I dont give you more money. When you get along further, you will see that a farm is worth more to you than your little money. I want to do you good, and that is the reason that I do not do what you ask. Hard Rope then answered: Last year the whites stole sixteen ponies from me. I followed them to Wichita, found them, and took them. The men were tried four days. I got back twelve ponies; four were lost. I want the government to pay me for the ponies. The whites have no proof against the Osages. They never found their property in the hands of the Osages. We are willing to pay all just claims. The government is for us as well as for the whites. The commissioner closed the interview as follows. I have papers in Washington from the agent wherein the Osages admit that they stole cattle and horses. The Osages did pretty well to get back twelve ponies. The whites havent got anything back. Now, one thing more! I had word in Washington of the bad conduct of some of your men. You killed one of the best friends of the government. I telegraphed over the wires to the superintendent to take soldiers and go and have the murderers given up; but he found when he got there that you had arranged it so that he did not do anything about it. You have agreed to live in peace with whites and Indians, and that foolish and wicked practice of killing someone because you do not feel well, wont do. Remember this. I shall be glad at some future time to see you on your own ground. 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