WAH-SHA-SHE TIMELINE YEAR - EVENT ---- - ----- 1763 - White Hair (Pawhuska), who later became Principal Chief of the Great Osage, was born. 1802 - The Little Osages split from the Grand Osages. 1802 - Osage number 5,500 divided into three bands, the Great Osage, the Little Osage, and the Arkansas Band. 1815 - Peter Augustus Captain was born. 1821 - Union Mission, the first protestant missionary for the Osage, was established in present day Oklahoma. (4) 1825 - America Jane Moore was born in Ohio. 1825 - Treaty concluded at St. Louis, Missouri, relinquishing Osage lands in Missouri and Territory of Arkansas and establishing the "Osage Diminished Reserve" in southeastern Kansas. 1828 - May. Osage Chief Clermont (Claremore) died. (4) 1829 - Andrew Jackson became President of the United States. 1840 - Approximate year that Peter Augustus Captain and America Jane Moore were married. 1846 - Osage number 5,000. 1846 - Start of the Mexican-American War. 1847 - Fr. Verreydt founded the Osage Mission. The Catholic mission was under superior Fr. John Schoenmakers, a Belgian, and Fr. Paul Ponziglione. 1848 - Augustus Captain and his brother, Joseph, were employed as a miller and blacksmith for the Osage Subagency. 1850 - Osage number 8,000. 1850 - The Great and Little Osage number 4,561 according to a payroll report by Agent Morrow. 1852 - Spring. Osage villages ravaged by the black measles followed by typhoid fever, whooping cough and finally by scurvy. Within a few weeks hundreds had died. 1852 - Winter. Small-pox, scurvy and yellow fever kill at least 1,200 Osage. 1853 - Andrew J. Dorn became U.S. Neosho Indian Agent. (1) 1853 - Measle and typhoid outbreak kills 1,000 Osages. (1) 1855 - 400 Osages die of small pox. 1856 - 100 Osages die of scrofula. (1) 1860 - Osage number 3,500 1861 - Jan. Kansas became the 34th state. 1861 - Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States. 1861 - The Civil War began. 1861 - Sept. 8. Humbolt, Kansas is raided and burned. Augustus Captain and John Mathews are said to have led the raid. John Mathews is cornered and killed a few days later by Union forces. 1861 - Oct. 2. Fifty-two Osages signed a treaty pledging loyalty to the Confederates. Among those signing were Tal-lee, Pahuski, Black Dog, Augustus Captain, Louis J. Chouteau and Gusso Chouteau. 1862 - March 2. Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas. 1865 - April. Augustus Captain, serving as Captain of the 1st Osage Battalion C.S.A., surrenders to Captain Parks. 1865 - June 23. Brig. General Stand Watie was the final Confederate general in the field to surrender to the Union. 1865 - Treaty with the Osage, ceded a portion of their Kansas lands for $300,000.00 1865 - Sept. 13. Augustus Captain was present as an interpreter at Fort Smith Arkansas treaty signing (the treaty was never ratified). 1865 - Sept. 29. At Canville, Kansas, Osages agree to sell a tract 30 x 50 miles square, and cede a strip 20 miles wide, partly in Kansas. Augustus Captain served as an interpretor. 1868 - May 27. Drum Creek Treaty signed. Augustus Captain served as an interpretor. (1) 1868 - Nov. 27. Hard Rope scouted for George A. Custer on the infamous raid of Chief Black Kettle's Cheyenne village on the Washita River in western Oklahoma. 1869 - Little White Hair died. 1870 - Osage number 4,400. 1870 - Sept. Treaty is concluded at Drum Creek with Osage Indians for sale of the "Osage Diminished Reserve" in southeast Kansas. 1870 - Augustus Captain present at the first and second sessions of the General Council of the Indian Territory held September 27, and December 6, at Okmulgee. Appointed to serve on a committee to advise on a permanent organization of the indian territory as contemplated in the treaties of 1866. Other notable committee member was William P. Ross representing the Cherokee. (8) 1871 - Congress authorizes removal of Osage Indians from Kansas to Indian Territory. 1872 - Osage number 3,956. (3) 1875 - June. No-pa-wal-la died. (5) 1875 - Osage number 3,000. 1876 - Cyrus Beede was Osage Agent. (6) 1876 - Augustus Captain is President of the Osage Council. (7) 1876 - Osage number 2,700. 1877 - Jan. Osage Chief Che-to-pah died. 1877 - Aug. Peter Augustus Captain died. 1879 - L.J. Miles was Osage Agent. (1) 1879 - Osage number 2,391. 1879 - October 6. The first students arrived at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. The school remained open until 1918. 1880 - Black Dog was elected Principal Chief of the Osage. 1882 - Osage number 1,950. 1883 - Aug. Osage Chief Hard Rope, who also served as a guide for George A. Custer, died. (2) 1884 - Grover Cleveland elected President of the United States. 1889 - May 26. Jane Moore Captain married Luther Bascom Appleby. 1895 - H.B. Freeman was Osage Agent. (1) 1895 - The town name of Osage Mission, KS was changed to St. Paul. 1897 - Osage number 1,729. (3) 1898 - William J. Pollock was Osage Agent. (1) 1901 - Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States. 1905 - Feb. 5. Luther Bascom Appleby died. 1906 - Osage number 2,228. 1906 - November 16. Oklahoma became the 46th state. 1910 - Black Dog died. (1) 1917 - Nov. 17. America Jane Moore (Aunt Jane Appleby) died. Sources: (1) Newman, Tillie Karns. The Black Dog Trail. Christopher Publishing House, Boston, 1957. (2) The Arkansas City Traveler, August 8, 1883. (3) Matthews, John J., The Osages: Children of the Middle Waters. University Of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1961. (4) Graves, W.W., The First Protestant Osage Missions 1820-1837, pp.21, 71. (5) Winfield Courier, June 17, 1875. (6) Arkansas City Traveler, March 8, 1876. (7) Arkansas City Traveler, April 19, 1876 (8) Chronicles of Oklahoma, September 1925, p. 217 Last Updated 03/03/07