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Descendants of JACOB (DREISCH) THRUSH

Generation No. 1

1. JACOB (DREISCH)¹ THRUSH was born 1742 in HESSE, DARMSTADT, GERMANY, and died 1825 in SHIPPENSBURG, PA. He married CATHARINA.

Notes for JACOB (DREISCH) THRUSH:
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       THRUSH - DREISCH - REISCH

       The Thrush families of Pennsylvania are descended from immigrants who came in 1750 from the Upper Rhine in Germany. Darmstadt and The Lower Palatinate are mentioned in traditions of the various family lines, as the places from which the first of the family came to America. The family name in Germany was Dreisch. The name can be traced into Bavaria where the original spelling was Reisch. These various changes in the spelling of this family name from the ancient Bavarian Reisch to Dreisch and then to the more simplified English Thrush follows a natural evolution not uncommonly found in tracing the origin of German surnames.
       Bavaria is one of the oldest and in ancient times was one of the strongest of the southern provinces of Germany. The German name Baiern like the Latin Boiaria is derived from Boii, a people of Gaul who passed into Italy and thence into Southern Germany, where they gave their name to the country they occupied and which in the times of Augustus (B. C. 63 to A. D. 14) formed a part of Rhaetia, Vindelicia and Noricum.
       This is the period in history when the population of Germany was composed of various tribes or clans, who had little in common and who continually were at war with each other or with the Romans and Gauls, their neighbors. One of the

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strongest of these clans or tribes in Southern Germany was the "Allemanni" who were able to maintain their power and prestige until the time of Charles the Great (742-814 A. D.) Charlemayne, who was crowned King at Rome in A.D. 800 and who conquered and made subject to his power practically all of the Southern part of Germany. (See Alleman History further on.)
       These various clans and tribes that constituted the inhabitants of Central Europe in the beginning of the Christian Era were known to the Romans as Barbarians, and it is through Roman sources that we today have any knowledge of these people. Tacitus (A. D. 75-120), the Roman historian, gives a description of these people with considerable detail. He makes note of their country, their laws, customs and manners of life. They were uncivilized, lived in caves and the most primitive of huts and frequently changed their place of abode.
       The history of these people for the first fifteen centuries of the Christian Era is a record of almost continuous strife and warfare. Some tribes became powerful by absorbing their weaker neighbors; at other times two or more tribes became united for the common defense against the Gauls and Romans, and thus by contact and gradual growth they became more advanced in civilization and with more or less permanency various political divisions came into existence.
       With this growth and these many changes it came to pass, by association and contact and by the missionary zeal of the Jesuit        -3-

priesthood, that all the inhabitants of Central Europe were brought under the influence of the Roman Catholic Church.
       Their lives in matters, both political and religious, were controlled by their various rulers and by the Roman Clergy, who in turn were dominated by the Pope in Rome.

       The Sixteenth Century covers one of the most eventful periods in the history of the world and marks the beginning of Christian civilization.
       The invention of printing furnished the means for a diffusion of knowledge, theretofore impossible. The mass of people began to learn to read and write and with increasing knowledge came a desire for greater liberty of thought in both civil and religious matters. Their rulers had come to that place where they treated their subjects as vassals. Their estates, the labor of their hands and even their bodies, were held in abeyance and subject to the whims and caprices of the petty tyrants who held complete dominion over them.
       Liberty of conscience and the right of exercising the same was strictly limited to the confines of the Roman Catholic faith. The Papal Hierarchy in Rome had so grown and expanded that its power and influence had become almost unlimited in religious, economic and political affairs. The lives of the people and their liberty of conscience were so completely circumscribed by the Pope through the various clerical channels

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that the conditions under which the mass of people lived was little better than slavery.
       Attempts had been made at times to throw off this burdensome yoke, but these efforts all had been met with dire punishment. Excommunication, confiscation of property,
imprisonment and burning at the stake as heretics were methods used by the Papacy to maintain its power and its domination over the bodies and souls of the people.
       Conditions of life among the people of Germany had become so deplorable that any change would have been gladly welcomed. So when Martin Luther (1483-1546) posted the Theses in 1517 and thus planted the seed that in a few years grew into the Reformation, the time was ripe and the people were ready and eager to follow the new doctrine.
       The doctrine of being saved by faith as contrasted with the Roman Catholic teaching of being saved by works found ready        JON JACOB THRUSH FAMILY

       Property of Garnet W. Thrush

       Chambersburg, Pennsylvania

       Written by Mary L. Thrush Markley

       40 Years Ago - 1944

       Died May 10, 1987

acceptance with many and rapidly spread throughout Germany. Many of the inhabitants became followers of Martin Luther and his comtemporaries. A number of the rulers refused to join in the condemnation of the man who had the courage to tell the naked truth about Roman practices.
       Electoral Saxony joined the Reformation, so did Brandenburg, Hesse, Pomerania, Mecklenburg, Laneburg, Friesland and nearly all of the free cities: Hamburg, Leibeck, Bremen, Madgeburg, Frankford and others.
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       As early as 1526 at the Diet of Spires the countries holding the Evangelical faith had become so numerous and sufficiently strong that they were able to extort from the Papist rulers the right for the time being to maintain the new order, and have preaching of the gospel and the organization of churches in independence of the Hierarchy.
       Within the next few years almost the whole of Northern Germany and a large part of Southern Germany had joined in the Reformation. In Austria and Bavaria, Papacy maintained its power and by means of a bloody inquisition succeeded in stifling the movement in these countries. Southern Germany thus became a haven of refuge in the early years of the Reformation for the persecuted of all surrounding countries where Papacy held the reigns of power. Protestants from Switzerland, Bavaria, France and other nearby provinces dominated by Rome, came in considerable numbers into Southern Germany where they could enjoy more liberty of conscience and live in comparative safety.
       Sometime during this period members of the Reisch family who had become followers of Luther were compelled to leave Bavaria because of persecution and they found a refuge in Southern Germany. They settled in Darmstadt or in the Lower Palatinate, very probably in both of these provinces, and from here some of their descendents in 1750 came to America. The Reisch family in Bavaria was a very ancient one and of patrician

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rank. The Reisch coat of arms suggests that its origin must have been in the early years of the Roman Empire.
       In "Rietstaps Armorial" Volume II, which is an authority, the following is given as a description of the Coat of Arms of the Reisch faily of Bavaria:
       Quarterly: First and fourth, sable and or, overall a griffon, Argent, holding in his paw a Fleur-de-lys, argent. Second and third, gules, two bands argent, overall, an escutcheon with a border of laurel and an imperial crown.
       Legend:        Or is gold.
                     Argent is silver.
                     Gules is red.
       This is a grant to the family of Reisch of Bavaria. "Nobles of Holy Roman Empire."
       The Griffon is an heraldic symbol of "Guardian of Treasure", the Fleur-de-lys or Lily of France; the laurel means a victorious deed on the part of the one to whom the grant of arms was made. The imperial crown would only be an heraldic symbol for a noble family, which without a doubt is an ancient one.
       In April, 1598, Henry IV (1553-1610), then King of France, promulgated the famous "Edict of Nantes." This granted a limited tolerance to all Protestants in France. But many ways were devised by the Papists to evade its provisions and the lives of the French Protestants never were secure. This Edict

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was indifferently enforced and this history of France for the period it was in effect presents a continuous record of strife between Papacy and Protestantism.
       In 1685 Louis XIV (1638-1715), then King of France, issued the "Revocation of the Edict of Nantes" and immediately there followed the most cruel and inhuman persecution of Huguenots and other Protestants in France. This marks the period when so many French Protestants, Huguenots and others were compelled to leave their homes. They found refuge in England under Queen Anne, in Holland, in Southern Germany and elsewhere. A religious war soon followed between the Papists under Louis XIV and the Huguenots which rapidly extended into Germany. The several rulers in Germany who were followers of the Evangelical faith united to oppose the encroachment of the Papists and save their country and preserve their liberty of conscience.
       The great victory of these allies under the Duke of Marlboro at Blenheim in the Palatinate in 1704 was a crushing blow to the Papists. Nevertheless, the subsequent withdrawal of the duke and his force rendered the outlook for Protestants in southern Germany anything but promising. We have therefore in addition to religious persecution, the horrors of war and the insecurity of property and of life itself, as causes for the emigration of Protestants from Southern Germany.
       In the very first years of the Eighteenth Century William Penn made it known throughout Southern Germany that he had

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established in America a new settlement, Pennsylvania, in which settlers would be guaranteed complete religious freedom. Taking advantage of the inducements offered by Penn, many of the Protestants of Southern Germany emigrated to Pennsylvania early in the Eighteenth Century, and during the first quarter of this century they came in rapidly increasing numbers and made settlements in the eastern part of the province. By the year 1730 they had settled in Bucks and Chester Counties, westward to the Susquehanna River in such numbers that a fear was officially expressed that the country was becoming overpopulated and soon would be dominated by Germans.
       During the following twenty years (1730-1750) the tide of German emigration was diverted into York County which then included the present Adams County. The town of York is the oldest town west of the Susquehanna and was settled by Germans in 1729. Shippensburg is the second in point of age and was first settled in 1730 by Scotch Irish. It was not until 1750 and later that Germans in any considerable numbers began to locate in the North, or Cumberland Valley.
       Cumberland County was formed in 1750 and included within its boundary the entire Valley from the Susquehanna to the Maryland line and from this time (1750) to the beginning of the War of the Revolution a very considerable number of Germans located in the Cumberland Valley. Authorities estimate that from the year 1727 to 1770 appproximately 30,000 immigrants from        -9-

Germany entered the province of Pennsylvania and of these quite a number located in the Cumberland Valley.
       With this tide of German emigration came the ancestors of the Thrush families, now widely spread through the United States. There is a family tradition in the line of Leonard Thrush that five adults of the name Dreisch came to America at or about the same time. The exact relationship of these five is not well established, but they are supposed to have been brothers and cousins. Two of these, so it is said, settled in the Cumberland Valley, one in Baltimore, and as to the other two, tradition is indefinite.
       Corresponding with this tradition of five emigrants, we find in Penna. Archives, Series II, Vol. XVII, the names of five persons who came in 1750 within a period of six weeks to America and were qualified at Philadelphia. Proper identification of these five immigrants might confirm the family tradition.
              J. J. O. Dreish              qualified Aug. 15, 1750
              J. Jacob Freisch              qualified Aug. 24, 1750
              J. Leon Reisch                     qualified Aug. 24, 1750
              Joh. Conrad Reisch              qualified Aug. 31, 1750
              Jacob Frasch                     qualified Sept. 29, 1750
       Inasmuch as the time of passage across the ocean in those days was uncertain and varied greatly, it would not be impossible for these five persons to have left Germany at or

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about the same time and to have arrived at Philadelphia at different times within a space of six weeks.
       Jacob Thrush (J. Jacob Freisch) and Leonard Thrush (J. Leon Reisch) came on the ship Brothers, Captain Muir, from Rotterdam last from Cowes. They took the required oath of allegiance in Philadelphia on Aug. 24, 1750 (Series II, Vol. XVII, P. 316).
       It is known that Jacob Thrush and Leonard Thrush came into the Cumberland Valley in 1750, or very shortly thereafter, and that they settled in Hopewell Township. Regarding the other three named immigrants, nothing is known and their names are given only because of historic interest.
       Other German families that settled in Hopewell Township and were neighbors of Jacob and Leonard Thrush were the Seavers, Frys, Erickers and others.
       To the English Magistrates and other officials of the Province of Pennsylvania the German pronunciation of Dreisch evidently was most perplexing and in their attempts to write the name in English, they obviously spelled the name phonetically and wrote in Trush, Frush, Trash, and it was so written for several generations. These variations in the spelling of the name may be found in the tax lists in the Militia Rolls for Hopewell and Lurgan Townships, Cumberland county, during the period of the War of the Revolution and subsequently thereto.
       By the year 1790 the descendents of Leonard Thrush (Reisch) had adopted the uniform spelling Thrush and under this

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name the various members are listed in the first U. S. Census taken in 1790. During this same period (1750-1790) the name was spelled in German Dreisch, Reisch, and is so written in German script in the very few family records that are now in existence. One of these records is in an old Bible that was the property of Leonard Thrush, my great grandfather, who was a son of Leonard Thrush, the immigrant.
       As said before, the family name Thrush may be traced through the German Dreisch to the more ancient Reisch. It would be of much interest, were it was possible, to follow the family relationship through the generations to the original Reisch. That Thrush, Dreisch and Reisch are variations of the same family name is confirmed by family record and family traditions and is in entire harmony with the evolution of similar German surnames.
       When Chester County was divided in 1729, the western part was organized into the County of Lancaster. The Kittochtinny, North, or Cumberland Valley became a part of the new County of Lancaster and in 1730 this valley was divided into two townships by a line crossing the valley from mountain to mountain at or near Big Spring, now Newville. The northern part was Pennsborough Township and the Southern part was Hopewell Township.
       In 1741 Hopewell was divided by a line crossing the valley at Shippensburg and the Southern part was named Antrim Township

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and included within its bounds practically all of what later became Franklin County, Path Valley and Little Cove excepted. Antrim was divided in 1743 and the northern part was named Lurgan Township. These were the political divisions of the Valley until the formation of Cumberland County in 1750.
       Hopewell Township in 1750 included what is now Hopewell, Mifflin, Newton and Southampton Townships in Cumberland County and Lurgan Township included what is now Lurgan, Letterkenny, Greene and Southampton Townships in Franklin County.
       There were no permanent white settlements in the Cumberland Valley prior to 1730. In this year twelve families settled at what later became Shippensburg, which is the oldest town in the Valley, and next York, the oldest town west of the Susquehanna River.
       The first settlers in the valley were the Scotch Irish Presbyterians. They settled at various points in the Valley in such numbers that before 1740 there were organized Presbyterian congregations a Big Spring, now Newville, Middle Spring, Rocky Spring, Falling Spring and West Conococheague. Title to the land was not obtained from the Indians until 1736 or 37. In the meantime permission to settle was issued through Samuel Blunston, Surveyor. These were known as Blunston Licenses, the first of which were issued about 1734 and which gave the holder the right to occupy the land with the privilege of buying the

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same at a specified price so soon as the Indian title should be extinguished through purchase by Penn's agents.
       Prior to 1748 very few Germans settled in the Cumberland Valley. In the early settlement of Lancaster County there was considerable friction between the Scotch Irish and German settlers and to avoid as much as possible any further trouble of this nature, Penn issued orders to his agents that, so far as practical, the German immigrants should be diverted to York County and the Scotch Irish into the Cumberland Valley, and for nearly twenty years this policy prevailed. But about the year 1748 the Germans began settling in the Valley and continued to come in rapidly increasing numbers until 1754 or 1755, when the French and Indian War, with its attendant dangers to life and property on the frontier, checked the flow of all immigration into the Valley. Public records show that between the years 1754 and 1762 there were practically no applications for land grants in the Valley, and this is not surprising when it is remembered that during this interval, Indian incursions into the Valley were numerous. Many people were killed and much property pillaged and burned and settlers compelled to seek safety for the time in the several forts and larger centers of settlements. When the Indians were subdued and conditions of life and property became more secure, immigration again began to increase and from 1762 to the beginning of the War of the Revolution, large numbers of Germans settled in the Cumberland Valley. A

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onsiderable number of these came direct from Germany or Switzerland, but many others came from Lancaster and Chester Counties and were the descendants of Germans who had settled in these counties one or two generations before.
       In the matter of taking up land the method of procedure seems to have been for the prospective settler to obtain from the proper authority a grant of a certain number of acres of land in a specified locality. The settler then selected his location, built his cabin and cleared sufficient ground surrounding it to begin cfarming operations, paying little attention to any definite boundary lines. Sometime later, often several years, official survey was made, the boundary lines more or less accurately fixed and a warrent or title deed issued to the settler by the Provincial Government. Some of the settlers living on land granted between 1748 and 1754 did not receive a warrant or title to the same until after the French and Indian War, a matter of ten or more years, because during the War surveying was both dangerous and impractical.
       The German settlers who came into the Cumberland Valley in 1750 and later were by faith German Lutherans, German Reformed Menonites and German Baptists, and by 1765 the Reformed and Lutheran faith were of sufficient number in the vicinity of Shippensburg to form church organizations.
       In the biography of John Conrad Bucher, born 1730, died

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1780, as given by Henry Harbaugh in "Fathers of the Reformed Church", Vol. 11, P. 113, we read as follows:
       "From an old baptismal record we learn that he (Bucher) performed regular ministerial acts in Carlisle--which seems to have been his first location--from the year 1763 to 1768; in Middletown from 1765 to 1768; in Hummelstown from 1765 to 1767; at the Falling Spring near Conococheague 1765 to 1768. From 1764 to 1768 he preached and baptised at Bedford, Fort Pitt, Shippenstown, on Susquehanna, Sharpsborough and Coxtown (or Hestertown). Bucher removed to Lebanon in the beginning of the year 1768.
       John G. Orr, Esq., in a paper read before the Kittochtinny Historical Society entitled "A Sketch of Salem Church, Pleasant Hall, Pa." says incidentally that the "Old Dutch Church" in Shippensburg was jointly organized in 1765 by German Reformed and German Lutherans and that the second Lutheran pastor was Rev. John G. Butler, 1787 to 1797. (See Society Papers Vol. X).
       Again, in "Fathers of the Reformed Church", Vol. II, Page 285, it is recorded:--"In the minutes of coetus assembled at Reading April 28, 1777, the congregations at Shippensburg, Carlisle, Lower Settlements and Hummelstown made application for the examination of one named Runkle (John William Runkle, B. 1749, D. 1832) in order that he might become their minister. It was resolved that Runkle be examined and if he render satisfactory in this respect, he shall be sent to these

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congregations as a catechist. The examination was satisfactory and he accordingly was sent to this charge for a year, other ministers having been appointed meanwhile to adminsiter the sacraments until he shall receive ordination."
       In the History of Dauphin County (1885) it is stated that Rev. John William Runkle was pastor from 1774 to 1778 of the congregations at Hummelstown, Trindle Springs, Carlisle and Shippensburg. Hon. John McCurdy, in his "Recollections of Shippensburg" 1870 (?) says the first "Old Dutch Church" was built prior to 1780 by Lutheran and German Reformed congregations, and that it stood until 1812, when the two congregations jointly built a church on ground now owned by the German Reformed Congregation.
       This latter piece of ground is at the corner of Prince and Orange Sts. and was jointly used as a burying ground by both congregations and the church building also was used jointly from 1810 to 1846, when the Lutheran congregation withdrew and built a church on the ground where the present Lutheran Church now stands. The German Reformed have held continuous possession of the original plot and recently erected thereon a new and commodious church building, dedicated May, 1925.
       It seems not possible at this late date to fix the exact time of the organization of the two German congregations, Lutheran and Reformed, at Shippensburg, but it would appear to

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have been not later than 1765 and it may have been one or two years earlier than this.
       The land on which the first church building was erected is now known as the "Old Dutch Graveyard." It was secured from Edward Shippen, the founder of the town, by donation. It deeded to the German congregations for "church purposes and as a burying ground," and inasmuch as Edward Shippen first issued deeds in 1763 to those who previously had occupied lots and to purchasers of lots in Shippensburg, and as this ground was just one square from the proposed center of the new town where the rough cast house, that in 1750 and 1751 was used a a Court House, is still standing, it is entirely possible, and indeed probable, that the two German congregations came into possession of this ground as early as 1763, or shortly thereafter, and further it was given to the Dutch congregations which clearly indicates that there was an organization at the time the land was acquired. History records that the Lutherans and German Reformed jointly built a Church on this ground prior to 1780. Both congregations were part of a charge and the Reformed had a regularly appointed pastor as early as 1774, while the Reformed congregation was supplied by ordained ministers as early as 1765, if not a year or two earlier, and in view of all this it would seem entirely probable that the first church building was erected a considerable time before 1780. The necessity for a church building existed as early as 1765 and having the ground,

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it would seem natural that the erection of a church building would not be delayed for any considerable time.
       Leonard Dreisch (Thrush) and family were members of the original Lutheran congregation and ever since some of his descendants have been members of the Lutheran congregation in Shippensburg.
       The following extracts are from a published history of the German Reformed congregation in Shippensburg, now known as Grace Reformed Church, by D. J. Wetzel, Pastor, 1925:
       "The second church building (in Shippensburg) was erected jointly by the Lutheran and Reformed people. Reference is made to this building in the oldest minutes in our possession, dated 1778. The building was erected, therefore, in 1778 or prior thereto. It was a log church situated at the corner of Queen and Orange Streets. At first only Reformed ministers served this union congregation. Rev. John Conrad Bucher was the first minister, beginning his ministry in 1764. The first Lutheran minister on the field of which I have found record was the Reverand John George Butler in 1788."
       This congregation, Grace Reformed, has in its possession a book which bears on its title page the following:-"Baptismal Book for the Church in Shippenstown." This book was bought for 5 lbs. 12 S., 6D. on the thirteenth of June, 1775.
       This book contains information from 1775 to 1833.


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       The Lutheran Observor of Friday, August 22, 1884, contains the following:-
       "The Evangelical Lutheran congregation of Shippensburg, Cumberland County, Pa. was organized in 1775. The first building was built of logs and located in the midst of heavy timber. The second edifice, built in 1811, was two story brick building, erected in conjunction with the German Reformed congregation on Orange St. The bell in its tower was for many years the only one in the town and it accordingly was known as the "Bell" Church. The Lutheran congregation commenced the erection of the third church for their separate use on Penn and Orange Streets, and completed and dedicated it in 1846. It was a plain brick structure with a basement and belfry."
       Rev. Jacob Hoffman was pastor of the Reformed congregation 1807 to 1823 and during his pastorate the ground at Orange and Prince Streets was purchased. The deed bears date of May 29, 1809. It was given and granted to the Reformed and Lutheran congregations by Edward Burd, forever. The said congregations are to pay to Edward Burd or his heirs the yearly rental of one cent forever.
       The "Old Dutch Church" built in 1778 or prior thereto and which was used jointly by the Lutheran and German Reformed congregations until 1812, stood upon the northeast corner of what is now known as the "Old Dutch Graveyard." The land of this graveyard fronts upon the "Old Baltimore Road," now Queen

       -20-

Street, for probably one hundred feet and extends westward along Orange Street to an alley. It was donated by Edward Shippen, the founder of the town, to the two German congregations for church purposes and for a burial ground.
       In this old graveyard lie the remains of many of the early German settlers in the vicinity of Shippensburg. In many instances the only marker was a limestone at the head and another at the foot of the grave with no inscription to indicate the name of the person buried beneath. Some graves were marked with marble stones, but the ravages of time have effaced, in many instances, the original inscription placed thereon. Other stones, because of neglect and the action of the elements, have fallen over and are broken. Some stones have been removed from the graves they once marked and are lying neglected along the surrounding fence of the yard. Only a few stones are now (1929) in proper place with inscriptions that can be deciphered. The names of Klippinger, Raum and Pague are among this number.
       In this old graveyard lie the remains of a number of the older generations of the Thrush family. Their graves are in the center of the plot. The marker all have disappeared and the exact location can not now be accurately determined. Several of the older citizens of the town tell me that within their recollection there was a row of Thrush graves across the yard at about the center of the plot.

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       The Thrush family were farmers and were among the very early German settlers in Hopewell Township, Cumberland County. Their neighbors were the Seavers, Frys, Brickers and others.
       In 1765 John Jacob Frosh was granted a warrant for 200 acres of land--April 30, 1765. (See Penna. Archives 3rd Series, Vol. XXIV, Page 764). May 27, 1782 Jacob Thrush was granted a warrant for 334 100 acres and on December 14, 1787, Barnet (Barnabas) Thrush and Leonard Thrush were each granted warrants for 200 acres of land. (See Penna. Archives, 3rd Series, Vol. XXIV, page 773). This land, or at least the last three grants, laid about four miles northeast of the present town of Shippensburg, between the Walnut Bottom Road, now the Molly Pitcher Highway, and the old turnpike leading from Shippensburg to Carlisle. The road running from the turnpike to the highway at Rehobeth, or Gravel Church, passes through this land. This land is now in Newton and Southampton Townships, Cumberland County, but originally this was Hopewell Township.

Children of JACOB THRUSH and CATHARINA are:

PETER² THRUSH, b. December 2, 1791, SHIPPENSBURG, CUMBERLAND CO., PA.; d. March 22, 1867, ROSE TWP, JEFFERSON CO, PA..

ii.

ANNA MARINA THRUSH, b. August 20, 1793.

iii.

JOHANNES THRUSH, b. December 6, 1795.

iv.

SARA ANNA THRUSH (SALLY), b. December 22, 1804.

MARIA THRUSH (BARBARA), b. February 22, 1808.

vi.

ELISABETH THRUSH (BETSEY), b. May 16, 1810.

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