I.      Chapter: Early Letters – 1840s & 1850s

December 30th, 1849

Essex, Clinton Co., MI

To: Hiram Crawford    & Sally Crawford

From: Louisa Sherwood and William Sherwood

Louisa wants Hiram and family to move near them. Next part of letter is written to Sally. Writes that she is going to school for the first time since she left Canada. Wants to know if Sally is married or not. William Sherwood then writes the remainder of the letter. He was taken sick 3 years prior and unable to do anything since. Had to sell his farm as a consequence but has since bought another and the farm next to his is for sale. He also would like them to come and buy property near them. Mentions when they were neighbors in London (Canada).

July 31st, 1850

Dowagiac, MI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy & Hiram Crawford

Nancy Crawford went to see her sister Jane Comfort Nelles. Got seasick coming home and then she and Hiram were very sick for several days. Pros was also sick. Edwin & Louesa are well. Wants Robert to write if Sally sees him - they want to know the boys' situation.

September 10th, 1850

Dowagiac, MI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Pros is sick, Edwin well. Louesa had a boy 2 weeks ago last Thursday and got a bad breast infection. Edwin tried to get a girl to help out but couldn't find anyone. Robert stopped to see them. It is very sickly throughout the whole region but very few deaths.

September 16th, 1851

Dowagiac, MI

To: Almira Nelles

From: Nancy & Hiram Crawford

Edwin is working on the "Engine", Louesa is boarding at Marshall with her baby, and Sally has a little 7-month-old boy. Robert is still in Wisconsin and she hasn't heard from James. Said she wrote to "our folks in Canada” but hasn't heard from them. Describes Dowagiac. Expects Sally and Louesa to visit. Asks Jane, if she receives news from California, to inquire if there is such a name as James H. Crawford there and to let them know as soon as possible.

October 17th, 1851

LaPorte, IN

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford

Had a visit with Aunt (Jane?).  Everyone was well except Frank Nellis' wife, who was "confined with a young son". They buried their 14-month-old daughter on Sept. 1. Almira's husband died of cholera two months ago and Aunt Jane was in low spirits because of the cholera epidemic. Aunt Jane had lots of sewing to do and Nancy wished Sarah could live there as she could get as much sewing as she wanted.  Robert said he would take Prosper in the Spring, and she sometimes wishes he would because she has a "grate trial with him," but she would miss him. Henry left LaPorte Sept. 17 for St. Louis.  She is beginning to worry, as they haven't heard from him yet.  He hadn't been able to work for 5-6 weeks because he had  erysipelas on his hand and a felon and boils. Edwin is going to Toledo for a new Engine -- wanted to have Hiram as his fireman. Edwin is to have the greatest and the most splendid engine that runs. The name of the engine is the I. B. Parks (?), named after the president of the road. They moved to another house close to the depot (she is apparently living with Edwin). Edwin has always been kind to her, but Mary "has been quite clever since I came back."

August 30th, 1852

Dowagiac, MI?

To: Charles Luke Keith

From: S. H. D. Vaun

Sarah's father is very sick and her mother wants her to come "by the first cars". Edwin is also very sick.

September 1st, 1852

Dowagiac, MI

To: Charles Luke Keith

From: Sarah Keith

Sarah's father is still alive but they don't expect him to live much longer. He wants to live until D.C. gets there. Edwin contracted cholera in Chicago and came home.  They thought he was going to die also, but it appears he will pull through.

January, 1856

Kalamazoo, MI

To: Charles Luke Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

D.C. was up to Potters yesterday looking at straw cutters and reporting his findings back to Luke.

May 23rd, 1856

Cassville, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford

Arrived at Cassville on the Mississippi River in Wisconsin three weeks ago.  Apparently staying with son James.  Describes the area and also James and his family.  Speaks of Eugene being quite sick.  Asks Lois to write when she is going to marry Byron.

August 24th, 1856

Galesburg, MI

To: Charles Keith

From: Sarah Keith

Sarah is writing her husband, Luke Keith, who is staying with her brother, Robert, in Omro, Wisconsin. She tells Luke that after he left his father fell in the barn, broke a bone in his leg and is having difficulty getting around.  The children are well but they miss their father. She would like him to bring the children gifts when he returns.

August to Sept, 1856

Omro, WI

Entries from the Diary of Charles Luke Keith

January 30th, 1857

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford

Nancy is keeping house alone with the little boys. Pros does the chores before school. Eugene goes to school with Pros. Louisa went with Robert to the woods to help with cooking. Nancy received a letter from Edwin saying he would like "the boys” to come out. He has 609 acres and will give them 50 or 70 apiece if they will chop him 20 apiece. Nancy has written to James and Henry but has not received a response.  She received a letter from Hiram.

February 16, 1858

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Betts

Talks about her home which she shares with her new husband, Elder Betts, and his granddaughter, Maria Park.

________ 27, 1858

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Betts

Mentions Robert, Prosper, Henry & Hiram. Received a letter from (your) Uncle Nathaniel Crawford's daughter. D.C. wrote to Robert. Hasn't heard from Edwin and wonders if he is dead or alive. She wants to see Eugene. When she heard from James, Ann was very low.

October 30, 1858

Cassville, WI

To: Nancy Betts

From: James H. Crawford

His wife Ann died on the 26th and he is left with two small children.

February 22nd, 1859

La Crosse, WI

To: Charles Luke Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

Describes where he lives in LaCrosse by the Mississippi River.  Received a letter from Robert who spoke of James’ death and also his wife’s death and that there might have been something wrong in regard to him dying so suddenly.  Received a letter from Platt Betts.  Mentions Stanley Crawford.

September 5th, 1859

Dowagiac, MI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Edwin W. Crawford

Mary has been sick since February with the inflammation of the lungs and for the last five weeks has not been expected to live, although she has been somewhat better lately. Eugene and Edna have enjoyed good health all summer, but Edna now has ague and fever.

II.    Chapter: 1860s Letters

April 17th, 1860

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Platt & Nancy Betts

Want to know if Sarah is coming for a visit. Nancy had a bad cold but took Jane's medicine and is better. D.C. was there for New Years. Henry wrote them a while back saying he was thinking of moving to Niles. Edwin wrote that (Henry?) had already moved. Edwin has a new son. Thanked them for the likenesses (pictures). Robert's family returned from the woods. Aunt Mary came for a visit, then went to Robert's. Next she'll go to Oshkosh and then to her daughter's in St. Louis.  Rev. Betts preaches in the neighborhood every Sabbath.

December 16th, 1860

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Platt & Nancy Betts

Enjoyed their visit with them. Wants them to sell and come out by them to live.  Have been sick for four weeks and had to get Prosper to come and take care of them.  Received a letter from Hiram who said in his letter that "Helen, my women, sends her love to you". They didn't know what he meant and want to know if Sarah knows anything about his being married.  Have not seen Aunt Mary.  She has moved to some other place in the city.

October 11th, 1861

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Platt & Nancy Betts

Elder Betts writes the first part of the letter. Henry's wife had a boy 9 weeks old when they (Henry) wrote. Added a kitchen to their house this summer.  Nancy wrote the rest of the letter and said that Hiram had written and it troubled her that he had gone to war. She hadn't heard from D.C. in over 5 months. At that time he talked of going to New Mexico. She was afraid he had "exposed himself to the hostel Indians." Said Louise said Sarah should call the baby “Allus (Alice?).  I say put Louisa to it.” She wants Sarah to tell the children grandma wants to see them and they must take good care of the baby. Mentions Aunt Linda and Aunt Walls.

December 14th, 1861

Camp Hamilton, VA

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Surprised to learn that the Seely Boys and Charley Long had taken such a course when there is so much at stake. Galesburg hasn't been very patriotic as far as his friends and schoolmates are concerned [apparently they are shirking military service]. Two fellow soldiers fell asleep while on duty and will be shot in a few days.

Undated

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Betts

Nancy refers to some disagreement that Sarah seems to be having with her in-laws. Tells Sarah about the poor health of Nancy Bett's husband, Elder Betts.  Robert has been gone lumbering all winter. Nancy had a visit from her sister, Mary Wickersham.

January 1st, 1862

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Robert Crawford

Tells Sarah about death of Nancy Bett's husband, Elder Platt Betts, from heart disease.

January 22nd, 1862

Fortress Monroe, VA

To: Nancy Crawford Betts

From: Hiram Crawford

Tells of the war. Says his troop achieved a victory - the Rebel General Zollicoffer was killed. He hears from Henry regularly, who talks of going to Yorkville to set up shop. Henry is very unfortunate in getting his own business going. Sends his love to Father, Pros, Robert and family.

March 6th, 1862

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Has been sick with bronchitis, dyspepsia, and liver complaint since her husband’s death.  Is anxious to hear from Sarah since she wrote telling her about his death.  Prosper had to quit school to stay with her.  She expects Louisa and the children in about two weeks to stay with her awhile.  Elder willed her the farm and all the personal property for her lifetime and after “I am don with it the girls is to have five hundred dollars of it to be divided between them.”  Robert was appointed administrator.  Aunt Mary lives with her daughter in Oshkosh and her son-in-law enlisted in the war.  Coufee(?) enlisted and Gen. William Willcox is captain of the company.

April 6th, 1862

Newport News, VA

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Soldiers have been assembling for the past two weeks -- it is one large encampment of over 100,000 men and 360 pieces of artillery stretching over nine miles long.  The Rebels have about 40,000 men.  He has to be ready to march at a moment’s notice.  He received a letter from Prosper but hadn’t received any answer to his letters to D.C.  Didn’t know what to think.  Henry wrote that they had lost their baby.

May 25th, 1862

Portsmouth, VA

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

They have captured Norfolk. Saw the Merrimac blow up, was about five miles off and felt the shock.

June 3rd, 1862

Omro, WI

To: Charles Luke & Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Has sold her interest in the farm.  Expects to start for Michigan the first of June.  Louisa had another young daughter.  LP [Prosper] is working on the Wolf River.  Aunt Mary Wickersham is at Oshkosh.  Ann Lacey got a letter from “canaday” saying that Uncle John Patterson died two months ago.  Nancy wants to come live with Luke and Sarah rather than any of the boys.  Louisa wants her to live with them.  Robert and his wife are willing to let her have a room and let Pros board with her.  Pros wants to go to the gold diggings.

July 29th, 1862

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Would like to live with them, but can’t pay.  Robert and Louisa are not well.  Her baby wears her out.  Pros came home from the boom sick with his old complaint.  She’s afraid he’ll never be able to do hard work again.  Got a letter from Hiram.  He was knocked down by a shell concussion, got up and went a few steps and fell down again, numb all over.  After a few minutes he was able to get up.  The shell killed the man on one side of him and wounded another on his other side.

August 2nd, 1862

Dowagiac, MI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy  Crawford Betts

Was in Niles last week, presumably visiting Henry and his family, but they had all been sick.  Mary has not received a letter from Edwin since he went away.

October 28th, 1862

Dowagiac, MI

To: Luke & Sarah Keith

From: Edwin W. Crawford

Mother is leaving Dowagiac for Galesburg on Wednesday, October 29th. All are well but for some ague and fever.

April 1st, 1863

Falmouth, VA

To: Luke & Sarah Keith

From: Jeff

Returned to camp Friday; he was reported AWOL.  Looked up Lieutenant Hiram Crawford who is in command of Company E.  He’s a first lieutenant and all his men like him.  Says to tell Aunt Catherine and Lucy to expect a letter from him.

May 23rd, 1863

East Burlington, IL

To: Nancy Crawford Betts

From: Edwin Crawford

This is his birthday; he is either 37 or 38.  His father, on his deathbed, told him if he had money to spare he should give it to his mother so he’s sending her $5.00.  He has charge of the locomotive shops.  He boards in Burlington, Iowa, across the Mississippi so letters should be directed there.

June 7th, 1863

Belle Plains, VA

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Was surprised to hear Mother had gone to Canada for a visit.  Jennie wrote that Ed had given up farming and that Pros was running the farm.  “Mary always thought more of him [Pros] than the rest of the family.”  The fight on May 3 was the hardest.  He believes no battle on record shows a musketry fight of so lengthy a duration.

July 4th, 1863

Sterling City, CO

To: Sarah Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

Mother went to Canada.  D.C. is proud of Hiram for serving his country.  He says if he were needed he would go, but not until then.  Wants to know how many children Sarah has.

August 11th, 1863

Beamsville, Ontario

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Was at Mary Hanys Campfield Station 18 miles from “your uncles.”  Was glad to hear Hiram survived the battle in Pennsylvania.  Wants Sarah to write to D.C. and Hiram.  Is staying at Prowley Kilhorns.  Brother Stephen is at Alyman 12 miles from St. James.  Can’t find where William Crawford and family are.  Heard that John Oneal is dead; his wife may be in London.

September 27th, 1863

Beverly, NJ

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

War news. Has seen a good deal of New York and has found Uncle Nathaniel and a whole nest of cousins. Uncle Nathaniel’s health is not very good as he suffers from  rheumatism. He has an appointment with the police department at a salary of $600 a year and lives at 67 Horatio Street. His wife is dead and he has one child living, Miss Caroline B. Crawford, otherwise known as Carrie. She has some cousins living in the city by the names of Bodine (or Berdine?) and Nelles (or Weller?) and more relations living in Orange County. Aunt Catherine, father's sister, is living in Orange County, New York.  Hasn't heard from Mother since she went to Canada.

April 14th, 1864

Niles, MI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Henry C. Crawford

Hiram didn't come home with the Regiment. He was detailed to stay. Virginia was in LaPorte because he couldn't find a house fit to live in but has found one now and is doing very well considering the high price of gold.

April 21st, 1864

Brandy Station, VA

To: Charles Luke Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Arrived from recruiting station on February 18. Has written to Mother, Sarah, Jennie, Henry, Robert, D.C. and Prosper and seems irritated that he hasn’t received any response from any of them. Sent $168.00; wants Luke to put $150.00 of it in a drawer someplace until he needs it. There has been lots of rain.  When it is not raining the time is passed in reviews, inspections, and drills.

(Can’t make out where he is stationed.  Looks like Head Less Detached 20th, Brandy Station, VA)

May 19th, 1864

Spotsylvania, VA

To: Charles Luke Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Hiram has received four letters, three from Galesburg and one from Cousin Carrie Crawford. General war news about Grant’s assault on the rebel positions in Virginia. Captured 600-1,000 Rebel prisoners.  Today is the 15th day of fighting and so far he has escaped without a scratch.

June 3rd, 1864?

Dowagiac, MI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Sent the letter with Eugene. Wants Sarah to make sure Eugene gets on the 4 o'clock train. Nancy wants to go to Henry’s on Monday.  She has 20 pounds of rags and wants Sarah to help her weave a carpet.

July 26th, 1864

De Pere, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Charles Luke Keith

Luke is in De Pere, WI, south of Green Bay where he is trying to sell bed bottoms.  Robert accompanied him as far as Oshkosh, where they had dinner with Aunt Mary.

August 19th, 1864

Burlington, IA

To: Sarah Keith

From: Edwin W. Crawford

He is railroading as usual. Spent a week with his family in Dowagiac. Mother was there too. Speaks of Mary. Mother has gone to Niles to visit Henry.

August 25th, 1864

_______City, CO

To: Sarah Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

The plains between Colorado and the states are covered with bands of hostile Indians cutting off communications and supplies.  Everyone is trying to fight Indians and he expects to go in a few days.  All kinds of business have been suspended and Denver is under martial law.  D.C. will try to keep his promise to come home in the fall. Says to direct his mail to Sterling City "as usual."

September 21st, 1864

Galesburg, MI

To: Charles Luke Keith

From: Sarah Keith

Sarah is updating her husband, Luke, on the affairs of the farm while he is traveling in Wisconsin selling bed bottoms. Sarah visited Luke’s father to see how he was doing. “Father is a striping off the leaves and feeding them to the cattle.  He said Ethan might have all he could pick.” Sarah’s Mother is looking for a letter from brother Robert, whom she is hoping will send her $20.

September 23rd, 1864

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Charles Luke Keith

Luke will probably leave Omro sometime next week for the south part of the state. Would like to hear from Sarah before he leaves in case something should happen that requires him home so he can leave immediately. Luke has a few more bed bottoms he would like to sell before returning home. Robert thinks of going to Minnesota this fall.  If he does he will go in a few weeks. Doesn’t know whether Robert plans to pay his mother this fall or not.  If Luke goes over there they may say something about it but he will not unless they do. Wants to know what sent Pros back to Dowagiac.

January 30th, 1865

Burlington, IA

To: Charles Luke Keith

From: Edwin W.  Crawford

Checking to see if Luke had put the spring beds in and if so to let Edwin know and he will send the money but will do it on the sly. His health is good with the exception of his foot, which has given him a good deal of pain and trouble.  The nail has come off causing him to hobble around.  Edwin thinks it will bother him all winter.

June 3rd, 1865

Golden City, CO

To: Sarah Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

Enclosed a letter for Hiram, since his whereabouts are unknown to D.C  He does not hear from Sarah as often as he would wish.

August 13th, 1865

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Charles Luke Keith

He is at Robert’s.  Prosper has done well and “calculates to stay . . . up the river.”  Aunt Mary expects to go to York State to live.  Luke’s clothes are falling apart.  When he left Depere he had his trunk checked for Oshkosh and hasn’t seen it since.  Hasn’t had any luck selling bed bottoms and is pretty discouraged.

May 13th, 1866

Spring Hill

To:  Keith Family

From: Lois G. Clark

Lois is trying to make some decisions about her life as a young widow. She is trying to decide whether to buy a home in Spring Hill.  She thinks she can afford it if she sells all her livestock.  She is also asking whether her sisters have visited the grave of her late husband.  She would like her father to mark the gravesite with a board.

May 20th, 1866

Oshkosh, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Lucius Prosper Crawford

Is upset with D.C. and can’t understand his unwillingness to help Mother.  Wants to promise to help her but his health is not good and he has only worked a month and has no money.  Had another fire in Oshkosh -- one-third of the business part of town burned.  There was $100,000 in damages.

June 25th, 1866

Golden, CO

To: Nancy Crawford Betts

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

Sent money. Hasn't heard from anyone recently.

August 18th, 1866

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Had a visit from Robert and a letter from D.C.  Robert and Hiram paid Aunt Jane a visit and stayed all evening.  He was sorry that he didn’t have the time or means to visit Sarah or Henry.  Robert wants Sarah to know that mother’s things have arrived.

August 20th, 1866

Oshkosh, WI

To: Charles Luke & Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Has arrived at their new home (apparently she is living with Prosper). Tells of purchases made and of not receiving some of her goods. Says Aunt Jane looks quite young and dresses young.

October 13th, 1866

Oshkosh, WI

To: Nancy Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

She has received letters from Aunt Jane Sunderland, D.C. and Henry. Louisa has returned from Minnesota where she was visiting her family.  Prosper is working at the stove factory, but work might not be available after a couple of weeks.  If this happens, they may have to move.

November 18th, 1866

Oshkosh, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Lucius Prosper Crawford

There is no work for him this winter so he and mother can't stay through the winter. She will go visit Aunt Jane for awhile. Mentions Robert. Didn't know Lois' husband had died.

February 20th, 1867

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Is taking care of Mrs. Whitman(?). Will stay until the boys come from the woods and then hopes to set up housekeeping with Prosper in Omro or Oshkosh. Got a letter from D.C. Hasn't heard from Henry in a long time.

July 19th, 1867

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Robert and family are well. Pros came home for a few days then went back to the boom. Heard from Aunt Mary. She is living in Beamsville. Willie Crawford and his father went to the boom; saw Pros.

September 4th, 1867

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Prosper is working for one month on a farm.  She wishes Sarah, Luke and their two youngest children could come for a visit.  She was glad to hear Aunt Caty and Lucy had moved into their new house.  Hiram married a young lady from Odgenburg, NY.  Mentions Aunt Peat Johnson and Aunt Lib Smith.

September 17th, 1867

Golden City, CO

To: Sarah Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

Prosper wrote D.C. that Hiram had married.  Since Hiram has not favored D.C. with a letter or wedding card, he will give Hiram the cold shoulder should he get married which he has not the least idea of doing. However, if he could get some good woman to share the ups and downs of life perhaps he might be happier. He is of a very contented disposition and as a general thing enjoys life, although he has had a great deal of bad luck during the past two years. Last month he was elected County Clerk for two years on the Republican ticket by a handsome majority.

October 28th, 1867?

Clinton, Ontario

To: Nancy Crawford Betts

From: Nancy Comfort

Nancy Comfort is writing her aunt and mildly chastising her for not writing back. The rest of the letter is devoted to updating her about her brothers and sisters and news about her Aunt’s sister, Mary Wickersham, and her long lost son, Edward.

December 2nd, 1867

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Prosper has gone to Chicago to find work.  Hiram wrote him that he would find Prosper work if he could come there. If Prosper finds work, he will stay in Chicago until spring. Robert has been in Green Bay with Mr. MacArther hunting pine forests for Mr. Wilson of Chicago.  They expected to be gone all winter but MacArther lost his wife and wrote to Mr. Wilson that he could not tend to the business any more. Robert has returned home again and has no work.  Louisa wants Robert to hire out to someone who is going to the woods and she will go with him and hire as a cook.  She thinks it would be a great savings for them. If Robert goes to the woods, Nancy will be all alone except that Willie will stay with her. Received a letter from Hiram a few days ago. He said they were living in a small three-room cottage. Received a letter from D.C. last week and had heard of Henry from Hiram.

December 9th, 1867

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Felt very glad to receive a letter from Sarah and to hear that all were well.  Talks about her washing chores. Nancy had received a letter from Kate, Hiram’s new wife. Describes Prosper’s trip to Chicago to find work so that they can afford their rent. Received letters from Hiram and Henry.

January 19th, 1868

Niles, MI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Henry Crawford

Didn't know they had moved to the timber farm. He was gone about 10 weeks in the fall in the roofing business in LaPorte. Got a job at home making one hundred sets of wagon wheels. Was in Chicago and got to meet their new sister. Virginia was at Mary's; she was helping her father since her stepmother died. Everything is different from what it was a year ago.  Mary’s health is poor and she is wearing herself out very fast. Mary gets up in the night and goes up to the graveyard.  She told Virginia she would wake up and find herself nearly frozen. Her cousin, a young woman who is staying with her, told Virginia that she would sometimes get up from the table and go into the next room and drink her tea alone.

February 27th, 1868

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith

From: L. Prosper Crawford

Describes his employment as a conductor on the “horse cars” through the streets of Chicago. Prosper has been staying at Hiram’s with “our new sister” since having been taken sick and has had good care.  He describes her as a pretty smart little woman and thinks she makes Hiram a good wife.  She speaks in high terms of appreciation of a letter Sarah wrote to Hiram since his marriage in which some good advice was given. Mother is set on moving to Chicago to live.  Prosper has given her little or no encouragement and is concerned about their ability to pay the rents that are in Chicago and live as well as she would like. He thinks she is much better off where she is. Robert intends to move with his Family up on the Chippewa sometime this spring.  Wants to know where Henry is and why he doesn’t write.  He wrote to Mary yesterday.

April 23rd, 1868

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: L. Prosper Crawford

Prosper left Chicago about five weeks ago in rather poor health.  The irregularity of meals and sleep was too much for him. He concluded that it did not pay for a poor man to be sick in Chicago.  Mother was anxious for him to come home or else she wanted to move there to Chicago. He found Mother in poor health and rather despondent.  She has been suffering from palpitations of the heart and nervousness, which reduces her strength. The time is fast approaching when she will not be able to do her own work. She is not very happy and his work calls him away from home much of the time. He wishes she had some company, someone to assist her, someone to care for her in the house.  Prosper thinks about marriage but is fearful of his ability to support another in his present circumstances.

May 3rd, 1868

Niles, MI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Henry Crawford

Henry has been away from home for the last four weeks engaged in the roofing business. He visited Mary this spring.  She said she was feeling well.  Eugene runs the machinery and won’t go to school or do anything else.  He was in Niles with a lot of boys last week. He came over to the house about dark, stayed a short time, then went home.  Henry was not at home at the time.  He has not heard from Hiram since the first of last month.  He received a paper from D.C. last week.

August 1st, 1868

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Arrived at Hiram's on Thursday. Hiram and his wife Kitty met her. Her grandmother lives with them. Hite and Kitty send their regards. Expects to go visit son Henry and then Mary and then to Sarah's. Prosper has complained of poor health this spring and the first part of summer. Robert is up at the Boom weighing logs.  He boards and gets over three dollars a day.  He comes home every Saturday and goes back on Sunday.  His children are well. Louisa is a good deal better than she was two weeks ago.  One of her sisters is with them part of the time.  She looks very bad.

August, 1868

Battle Creek, MI

To: Nancy Crawford Betts

From: L. Prosper Crawford

Prosper senses that his Mother’s visit to Henry and Virginia Crawford did not go particularly well.  He is sending philosophical advice to her about returing good for evil and having compassion and pity on others’ faults instead of inflaming passions by returning evil for evil.  He wrote Eugene about a month ago and would like Ethan to tell Eugene that he is anxious to hear from him. He has also sent Sarah $3.00 that he accidentally carried off while he was visiting her. He ends his letter by saying “Please excuse errors and believe me when I say I love you better than I used to.”

August 29th, 1868

Golden City, CO

To: Sarah & Charles Luke Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

Would be most happy to visit Sarah but to be candid he does not know when, if ever. He may within a year and may not in five but when a railroad is completed through to Colorado and the Indian question settled, D.C. thinks he may be able to get away from home. Mother writes quite often.  In the last letter she was in Chicago and was thinking about going to Henry’s and to Mary Crawford's, Edwin’s wife.  He hopes she will find a place “amongst some of our folks” where she could be contented to live and be happy.  D.C. then writes about his life as “that old Bachelor Brother.”

September 27th, 1868

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Mentions Kate, also his mother's visit with Henry and Mary. Hoped that Henry was making money out of his roofing - it would be refreshing to see a Crawford make money and keep it. D.C. had written that he had made and lost three fortunes since he had been "in that country."

January 30th, 1869

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Was afraid to open Sarah's letter because of the bird on the envelope. She thought someone had died. Louisa received a letter from Robert. (Sounds like she is staying with Louisa and children.) Received letters from D.C., Hiram and Kitt. Their little boy is finally growing. Would like Sarah to send the letter she got from Alfred Comfort. Also she can't find her picture of Emry Crawford. Robert and Prosper had gone into partnership on a house and lot, but it fell through.  Prosper was without work a good part of the winter.

March 7th, 1869

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith

From: Katherine Atchinson Crawford

Found her letter in Hiram's pocket so wanted to answer it. (Appears she has never met Sarah.) She has a baby boy 4 months old.

July 12th, 1869

Niles, MI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Henry Crawford

Henry’s business took him to Chicago last week and he called on Hiram.  Hiram’s wife is coming to visit about the first of September.  Then they are all going to visit Sarah and her family.  Times are hard, money scarce & there is plenty of rain. Virginia’s health is very poor.

September__, 1869

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith

From: Katherine Crawford

Enjoyed her visit with Sarah very much, also at Mary's and at Henry's. Tells of Harry, her son.

September 10th, 1869

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Nancy has moved again.  She rented three rooms from Mrs. Henderson and pays ten shillings per week.  Prosper left for Michigan last Wednesday hoping to make boxes for peaches with William Willcox and family. She doesn’t know whether he will get to Sarah’s place or not. Robert and family are well with the exception of the baby.  It has “a hard cold.”  Eugene left six weeks ago for Brandon and has not been heard from since.  Nancy feels quite uneasy about him.  She told him to write when he found work but he has not. Nancy has not received a letter from Henry in a long while and doesn’t know why.  Prosper received a letter from D.C. the other day. He was well. The last letter Nancy had from Kitt had a picture of the baby. He is very fleshy and quite good looking. Nancy took two letters out of the post office for Eugene and thinks one of them was from Ethan.

III.   Chapter: 1870s Letters

January 17, 1870

Golden City, CO

To: Sarah Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

Sends $10.00 and says not to worry about paying him back.  Is very happy with his life but wishes he were rich so he could help others, especially his mother.

February 3rd, 1870

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Eugene went to the pinery last week. Nancy has not heard from him or Prosper since he went away.  The last letter received from the boys indicated they were all well.  She hasn’t received any letters from Henry but one since he was visiting Sarah.  Robert is in the woods.  His wife had a letter from him the other day.  Eugene heard from Pros before he went away.   They are in the same camp about sixty miles from here and they have to work for low wages.

February 14th, 1870

Omro, WI

To: Nancy Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Nancy has enjoyed very good health for several weeks but this morning she is not feeling well.  Has only heard from Prosper once since he went to the woods and has not heard from Eugene since he went away.  Louisa and children are well.  Having very mild weather this morning.  It looks very much like a spring morning. Received letters from D.C. and Hiram last week.  D.C. sent $5.00 and Hiram sent $4.00. They are paying her rent at present.  These are very discouraging times.  It is hard work to get a hold of any money or get any work.

September 5th, 1870

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Nancy received a letter from D.C. last week.  He said he had not received a letter from any of his folks.  He would like to hear from Sarah. She also received one from Hiram.  Prosper came home a few weeks ago.  He had a cold and was very sick, although he is better now.  She also received a letter from Henry.  The family has been sick, including himself and Jenny.  He was very bad last spring and Jenny was sick all winter and all summer and is just now getting better.  Nancy is thinking of visiting Hiram.  Henry says he wanted to see them all very much.  He would like her to come and stay with them awhile. She would like to go but doesn’t want to stay long. Wants to see Henry and all of his family as well as Sarah and her family and Hiram and his family. Received a letter from Alice N. Crawford, James’ daughter.  She wants to hear from her aunts, uncles and cousins.

October 12th, 1870

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: L. Prosper Crawford

Making arrangements to go in the pinery this winter. Expects to be on the Peshtigo River north of Green Bay. His job will be at the landing tending the scale and keeping records for thirty dollars per month. Robert expects to manage a concern for McArthur in Minnesota near Lake Superior where Eugene is working (and has been the past four months). Uncle Pat Hamilton died the 27th of August.  No letters from Mary.  Prosper heard from another source that he willed all his property to Mary and her brother Emmett, who in all probability will not live another year.

November 13th, 1870

Glen Haven, WI

To: Nancy Crawford Betts

From: Alice Crawford

Hasn’t heard from Nancy in quite a while. Inquires into the whereabouts of Uncle Robert and his family.  Grandpa’s health is very poor most of the time. Aunt Kitty has another little girl named Flora.  She received a letter from Aunt Harriet a few days ago, who is well and likes Iowa very well. Rolla sends his love. He says he will write when he thinks he can write well enough.

January 17th, 1871

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Received a letter from Henry. They have been very sick.  Jenny is not able to do much of anything and John, their oldest son, has had the fever this fall.  Henry has been working at his trade making carriage wheels this winter.  He says it has been very sickly in South Bend this year past.  Poor Henry is having a hard time of it.  John Worley has buried his wife.  He said she died very happy.  He is Jenny’s youngest brother. Received a letter and a Colorado paper from D.C. announcing his marriage to Miss Amanda Thornton. Hopes he has got a good companion and they may enjoy each other’s comfort as long as they live. Received a letter from Hiram. He and his family enjoyed Christmas very much. Got letters from Robert, Prosper and Eugene.  They are all well.

Winter, 1871?

Chicago, Il

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Hiram is writing Sarah to tell her that his family is well and that he is glad to hear that Nancy [Keith] is feeling better. They are experiencing a major snowstorm and the company is having difficulty keeping the trolley cars running.

May 11th, 1871?

South Bend, IN

To: Sarah Keith

From: Henry Crawford

The children have all had the measles this winter, five at one time and all very sick.  Virginia has also been very sick.  In the past four weeks she has been up but not very strong. Has a contract making wheels for the Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Co. making two hundred sets per week.  Henry employs nine hands.

November 27th, 1871

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Arrived at Robert’s last Wednesday morning and have rented two rooms for fifty cents a week. Found Bell at Robert’s. When Bell found that Nancy had rented she was very indignant and said she thought it would be cheaper for them if Nancy were to board. Pros had gone to Oshkosh.  He met Eugene and stopped overnight with him.  Mary gave Eugene only $100.00. When Prosper returned, Nancy told him about Bell’s comments. He did not like it very much. He thought she was rather “faster than she ought to be.”  Since his marriage, Prosper has gone deeply into debt.  The remainder of the letter talks about a visit to Chicago and seems to be describing the clean up after the Great Chicago Fire.

January 5th, 1872

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Nancy has not been feeling well lately, but appreciates the kindness of her landlord as well as her son Robert and his wife.  She describes an unpleasant visit with Henry and Virginia. She talks about her sisters, Jane & Mary; Mary Crawford, who is planning a trip; and Prosper, who has just purchased a team of horses from his father-in-law for $300.00

February 21st, 1872

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Sends his sympathy to Sarah regarding the general ill health of her family and the financial strain it seems to be causing. He is well as is his son Harry.  Kate is not feeling well and is taking medicines for kidney, liver and “complaints too numerous to mention”. Hasn’t heard from Henry since he was out there, therefore, doesn’t know why they didn’t visit Sarah.

March 18th, 1872

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Talks about Robert and family as well as Prosper, who has not been feeling well. Mentions that Aunt Jemima Comfort has been married fifty years in February and had their Golden Wedding anniversary.

March 24th, 1872

Golden, CO

To: Sarah Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

Glad to hear that Sarah is more cheerful and that her prospects seem brighter. The last portion of the letter is missing.

July 25th, 1872

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Provides a general description of a potential job should Ethan wish to come to Chicago and work for Hiram’s company.  Mentions that he received a short note from Henry indicating that Henry’s shop had burned down.

November 4th, 1872

Glen Haven, WI

To: Nancy Keith

From: Alice Crawford

Has been away for several weeks which explains why it has taken her a while to respond to Nancy’s last letter. Has received letters from Nancy, her grandmother, and Eugene.  Not sure whether this letter should be addressed to Miss Keith or Mrs. Brown.

November 13th, 1872

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Glad to hear that Sarah’s family was comparatively well, that Mr. Brown’s health had improved and that he and Nancy Keith had married.  Received a visit from Eugene, who was on his way to visit Mary Crawford, his stepmother, and was hoping for work in Detroit. Announces the birth of a daughter, Jessie Blanche. Describes son Harry as being “as fat as a pig”. Goes on to describe an “Epizootic” epidemic that has killed 270 horses and has affected the operation of the city’s horse cars and omnibuses.  His company has been operating with steam engines after approval from the city council. The company is losing $550.00 per day.

November 19th, 1872

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Reports that she is feeling well, as are Louisa and the children.  Robert is away overseeing lumber for “Mr. Siman.” She doesn’t expect him home before Christmas. Mentions that she has seen Prosper and wife and had received a letter from Hiram announcing the birth of Jessie Blanche.  Kate has taken a while to recover from the birth. Was glad to hear that Ethan’s health is better and that Nancy’s wedding had gone well.  Has not heard from Henry in a long while.  Eugene had left 3 weeks ago to find work.  Received a letter from D.C.

January 20th, 1873

Golden, CO

To: Sarah Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

Pleased to receive photographs of Luke and Hannah and is looking forward to receiving ones of Mr. and Mrs. Brown. Mentions his correspondence with Mother and that he would like to visit but that circumstances do not permit travel. Describes his general state of affairs and society in Colorado. Mentioned a letter from Hiram announcing the birth of a daughter.

March 10th, 1873

Mishawaka, IN

To: Sarah Keith

From: Henry Crawford

Left the railroad shop because he is not able to work.  Now working in Mishawaka, but doesn't know how long he will stay there.  Wagon making is heavy work for him.  Did not write to mother the same so as not to make her uneasy.  Virginia’s health has been very good this winter, the baby is hearty and stout.  He has been walking some four months and can say almost any thing they tell him.  Virginia is at LaPorte.

March 13th, 1873

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Prosper has just come home from the woods. Robert came home last week. She received a letter from Hiram the first of March.  He said he had a hard cold and Kate had an attack of the bilious fever but she was getting better.  The children were well.  Hasn’t received a letter from David since the 12th of January.  Has been feeling very bad about him, afraid he is sick. Eugene came home this week.  He thinks of working with Robert and Prosper at the Boom. Hopes Hannah will “never make up with that fellow nor give him a chance to have any conversation. He is a fickle minded fellow.  He doesn’t love her.” Prosper and Bell talk of moving to Winneconne, six miles from her.  If Robert sells his place he would go too.

May 14th, 1873

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith

From: Hiram Crawford

Has been investing a little in real estate.  Has bargained for a house and lot.  The house was to be finished so they could take possession by the 1st of June. The  price was $3,200.00, $500.00 down and the rest in monthly payments of $25.00.

September 10th, 1873

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Received a letter from Eugene, he was well and thinks he will do well if he keeps his health. Hiram’s family is well and the baby “is fat as butter.” Kate has tried to have his picture taken but she failed. When his head was still his hands and feet were moving. They are going to try again and if they get a good one she will send it. D.C. wrote that they were all well. He said his baby is pretty and very fleshy and has blue eyes like its father.

September 11th, 1873

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith

From: Katherine Crawford

Since they bought the house they won't be able to make a visit to Michigan. Eugene spent 2 nights with them. Their son, Harry, looks just like him. Henry and Johnny visited them. Hasn't seen Jenny since before the fire. Sorry to hear Nancy is down on her luck and wants to know where they're living. Their children are well; the baby is almost 11 months old.

September 21st, 1873

Galesburg, MI

To:  Nancy Betts

From: Sarah Keith

Speaks of Hannah and Underwood not making up. Lucy Milham had a baby girl. Sarah thinks her husband is a shiftless man. Thinks Lois’ husband, Del Skinner, is a good man. Eugene was here two weeks ago.  He was well.  Doesn't think Mary has done the fair thing by him, but guess he will come out all right.

November 4th, 1873

Golden, CO

To: Sarah Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

D.C.  has enclosed a “Cheap Photograph” of himself and family as “we would naturally appear on our best behavior.” He would like one of Sarah along with the balance of the family.

February 4th, 1874

Shawano, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: L. Prosper Crawford

At the present Prosper is living in a shanty among the Pines about seventy miles from Winneconne (home) and four miles from Shawano. His business is to scale the loads, keeping account of the same and the company books. The total number of feet rafted last season amounted to 213 million.  This year the highest estimate is 80 million.  This great reduction owes partly to the money panic and partly to the depletion of the pineries in this section of county. It is estimated that in three years the pine on the Wolf River and its tributaries will be exhausted and in twelve years all the pine this side the Rocky Mountains.  Many lumbermen are now looking to Puget Sound as their next place “of rendesvou.” D.C. wrote of news of Hiram’s promotion to the office of secretary and treasurer of his company. Has heard but very little of Henry of late.  “Don’t write to him, not but that I think of him, but the Worleys are a terror.” Thinks it a very unfortunate circumstance “when Cupid dart did pierce their heart since it killed not a single Worley and almost used up a Crawford good boy but in hard luck.”

February 13, 1874

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Nancy has been in Oshkosh getting her teeth mended and visiting old friends. Had one letter from D.C. after he returned home. He had a pleasant visit with Sarah and family. After he left Sarah’s place he traveled to Mary’s and found Eugene there. They went on to Henry’s who was tickled to see him. Henry wrote that he had a good visit with D.C. and how surprised Henry was to see him. On opening the letter she found a post office order for $5.00.  Doesn’t know whether Jenny knows anything about it.  Henry had news about all of his children but said nothing about his wife.  Robert came home last week. He suffers from rheumatism much of the time.  Louisa and children are well.  Has not seen Bell in two or three weeks.  Doesn’t know whether Prosper has come home from the woods.  She was looking for him around the middle of this month.

April 10th, 1874

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Her health is quite good this spring; has been taking the electric health restorer. D.C. sent his photograph in a splendid frame and sent Robert and Prosper a photograph each in a smaller size.  Robert has trouble with rheumatism a good deal of the time, but his family is well. Received a letter from Eugene a short time ago.  Received a letter from D.C. to say that Amanda joined the Episcopal Church a short time ago. Hiram wrote that they were all well, that they had a dreadful snowstorm a week ago and that Clem Crawford had visited and stayed two days. Edna is still going to school in Oshkosh. They want her to be a teacher. Willie is almost as tall as his father.

February 11th, 1875

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Had a great snowstorm last week.  The snow drifted ten feet in Oshkosh and they sent to Ripon for the snowplow and engine.  It piled four or five feet high on the porch. It has been real Canada weather. Robert is in the woods and will be till next month.  Louisa was in last evening (her health is not very good). Prosper wrote last month that they were all well.  His wife and children are with him.  He has rented a room or two from an old farmer.  His work is scaling logs. Eugene is working on the streetcars.  He doesn’t like it very much.  Says he will leave as soon as he can get another job.

September 26th, 1875

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Robert Crawford

Louisa has gone to Minnesota to visit her folks. Expects her home this week after an absence of three weeks.  Mother is getting along about as usual.  She cannot keep a cent of money. Will has been coughing this summer and they are getting alarmed about him.

November 17th, 1875

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Received a letter from Hiram.  He said that Harry’s lungs were so bad they had to take him to Sarah’s.  Nancy Brown wrote that Aunt Kate and Harry had been there and Harry appeared better. Went to Winneconne to visit Prosper and family.  Bell is looking quite well.  Leo is a smart little fellow but full of mischief. His other son runs all over and says some words.  His name is Lucius Byron. Received a letter from Alice Crawford. She doesn’t like Oregon as much as Wisconsin nor does her brother.

January 3rd, 1876

Omro, WI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Crawford Betts

Mrs. Cynthia Long came with her husband at Christmas hoping to find Robert at home but he wasn’t there.  She gave Edna and Kit a dollar and Lizzie a gold locket. Received a letter from D.C. over Christmas.  He never forgets his mother. Hasn’t heard from Hiram but expects to soon. Nothing from Henry. Hiram said in his last letter that Henry talks of visiting his mother but she feels that it is all talk with him. She doesn’t expect to see any of her children again unless they come and visit. She has no money to travel and visit any of her children. She would like her children to provide enough money for one visit.

February 6th, 1876

Colorado Springs, CO

To: Sarah Keith

From: David (D.C.) Crawford

David is sitting up with his little daughter Ida, who has been very sick for five weeks. David is running a hotel but Amanda does not like the business and so he may sell it in the spring or fall.

May 2nd, 1876

Lawton, MI

To: Sarah Keith

From: Nancy Brown

Nancy is writing about a bonnet that she has made for her mother. There is also some discussion about Hannah’s need for money and that Grandma is traveling through Lawton, but is not planning to stop.  Nancy is concerned that her Grandma is getting old and that Nancy shall never get a good picture of her now.

May 8th, 1876

Chicago, IL

To: Sarah Keith and family

From: Louise Keith

Louise, who is 15, has been living in Chicago and attending school.  The school, which is 2 miles away, contains 1,190 students and has 17 teachers and is situated in a four-story building. Louise then describes a typical week at school.  The balance of the letter consists of a description of Gilmores Band Concert, which she attended with her cousin Eugene.

June 7th, 1876

Omro, WI

To: Nancy Crawford Betts

From: Robert Crawford

Robert has just returned from the Boom and is going away in the morning. Saw Prosper this evening.  He is going to work on the Boom.

September 3rd, 1876

Lawton, MI

To: Luke & Sarah Keith

From: Nancy & Henry Brown

Hank and Nancy have been struggling to make ends meet and have decided to move to Chicago where Hank will be able to find work.  They have sold their cow and are thinking about selling their pig.  They are currently $30.00 in debt. Hank believes that he will be able to double his income living in Chicago.

September 7th, 1876

Lawton, MI

To: Luke & Sarah Keith

From: Henry Brown

Hank describes his plans for Chicago and his new job as a conductor on